PLAYING MAPMAKER
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Transcript of PLAYING MAPMAKER
PLAYING MAPMAKER
WHY WE START IN EUROPE
A. THE AXIS THEORYEarly civilization
Spread along similar latitudes
No need for new crop innovationAllows for other
development
B. Growth of Empires
B. Growth of EmpiresEmpires aim for coastlines
Easier to…TravelAttack
Why not Pacific Ocean?
C. Empires Today?What empires exist today?
Where/how can countries expand?
1300-1600
The Renaissance
U rban centersM erchant powerP ope’s power declinedI individualismR ecovery from the Black
Death earlierE ngland and France at
war
A. The Italian Renaissance1. Why Italy?
A. Focus on Secular (non-religious) Pursuits
B. “Renaissance Man”: W ell-roundedI ntelligent/curiousG ood manners
2. Humanism – Focus on the Individual
Leonardo da Vinci: THE Renaissance Man
Book on how a gentleman should act
“Although some qualities are common to both and are as necessary for a man as for a woman, there are yet others that befit a woman more than a man, and others that befit as man to which a woman ought to be a complete stranger. I say this of bodily exercises; in her ways, manners, words, gestures, and bearing, a woman ought to be very unlike a man; it is seemly for a woman to have a soft delicate tenderness,. . . . And I do think that beauty is more necessary to her than to the Courtier, for truly that woman lacks much who lacks beauty. . . .”
Baldasarre Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier
How to governFamous Quotes:
“The end justifies the means.”
“Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with.”
“A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.”
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince
B. Medieval ArtNon-dimensionalDull colorsReligiousAnonymousDisproportionate
C. Renaissance Art1. PerspectiveCreates an illusion of
depth on a flat surface
School of Athens by RAPHAEL
2. RealismDrawing and
sculpting people as they are – perfect and imperfect
Michaelangelo
Michelangelo
Pieta , 1499 David, 1504
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, 1508-12
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
The Protestant Reformation
1517-1600
1. The Printing RevolutionA) 1456 Johan Gutenberg the BibleB) Everyone has access to their religion
2. The Case Against the Church
A. 1517: Martin Luther writes 95 Theses against church, founds own religion (Lutheran)
Catholic church never recovers from split
“Justification by faith alone”
B. 1521: Excommunicated, but not executed…
Figure 1: The guy we’re talking about
Figure 2: Not the guy we’re talking about
3. Catholic Response
A. Re-establish authorityInquisition
B. Council of Trent (1545)
Almost 20 yearsRe-affirms most
beliefs
IS THIS REALLY HELPING?
With hocked gems financing himOur hero bravely defied all scornful laughterThat tried to prevent his schemeYour eyes deceive, he said,An egg,Not a table,Correctly typifies this unexplored domain.Now three sturdy sisters sought proofForging along sometimes through calm vastnessYet more often over turbulent peaks and valleysDays became weeksAs many doubters spread fearful rumoursAbout the edgeAt last from nowhere winged creatures appearedSignifying momentous success.
Exploration1450-1600
A. So why go explore? – the three G’s1. Glory!
2. God!
3. Gold!LumberGold/silverFood/MedicineAnimal skins/fur
B. Who is Exploring?Map the expeditions of the following, and indicate who they’re working for:
Columbus Drake Magellan da Gama Vespucci Cortez Pizarro
C. What Problems are Waiting for Them?NATIVES
DISEASE
MUTINY ON SHIPS
BAD SEAS
OTHER COUNTRIES?
D. What are the results?1. New resources
2. Different trade routes
3. New colonies to own
4. Knowledge of the world
At what cost?
E. What about everybody else?A. China, Japan, India build very
advanced societies in East Asia
B. Lose desire to communicate with West
C. Development slows
Figure 1: Early Japanese Samurai
Figure 2: Last SamuraiFigure 3:
Dwarfing Columbus
HOLY SACRED BEINGS, BATMAN!
WORLD RELIGIONS
What percentage of the world practices…
Islam?Judaism?Hinduism?Christianity?Buddhism?Non-religion?Atheism?
Sacred SpacesWhat did President Obama have to say about
the mosque that we read about? Do you agree or disagree with the president’s statement?
What makes a space sacred?
The article says that “sacred spaces…will never be the same to all people, so their management demands particular humility.” How should people act in sacred spaces?
World Religions: A Comparison
Judaism
Name of Deity God (Yahweh)
Founder Abraham
Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)
Leadership Rabbis
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings
World Religions: A Comparison
Buddhism
Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity
Founder The Buddha
Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra
Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions;
Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path
World Religions: A Comparison
Christianity
Name of Deity God
Founder Jesus Christ
Holy Book Bible
Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin,
making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus
World Religions: A Comparison
Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing
themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,
knowledge, and virtuous acts.
World Religions: A Comparison
Islam
Name of Deity God (Allah)
Founder Muhammad
Holy Book Qur’an
Leadership Imam
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These
pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,
Difference between Islam and Muslim…Islam is the religion and Muslims are people
who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.
Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.
War Over Ground Zero-Religious Tolerance Today?
Religion ActivitiesUse pages 612-626 in text to complete “Where in the
World is Sarmen Candiego?” activity.
Work in partners to complete the following: You must create a comic strip of at least three frames
that has the following :At least two people arguing over the difference between
their religionsThe same people realizing their religions have something in
commonA religious symbol for each personSomething in the background, on their clothes, etc. that
shows me what religion they are You are not allowed to write on the paper what religion they are
—I should be able to tell from drawing