Plate Tectonics Bob Leighty GLG 101 - Physical Geology.
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Transcript of Plate Tectonics Bob Leighty GLG 101 - Physical Geology.
GLG 101 - Physical GeologyGLG 101 - Physical Geology Bob LeightyBob Leighty
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
These notes and web links are your primary “lecture” content in this class. Additionally, various articles are assigned each week to supplement this “lecture” information. I believe you’ll have enough information to reference without having to purchase a costly textbook. These lecture notes are very similar to the ones I use in my traditional classes. You’ll find they are loaded with imagery and streamlined text that highlight the most essential terms and concepts. The notes provide a framework for learning and, by themselves, are not meant to be a comprehensive source of information.To take advantage of the global knowledge base known as the Internet, I have included numerous hyperlinks to external web sites (like the Wikipedia, USGS, NASA, etc.). Follow the links and scan them for relevant info. The information from linked web sites is meant to supplement and reinforce the lecture notes – you won’t be responsible for knowing everything contained in them.
As a distance learning student, you need to explore and understand the content more independently than in a traditional class. As always, I will help guide you through this learning adventure. Remember, email Dr. Bob if you have any questions about today’s lecture ([email protected]).Leave no questions behind!Explore and have fun!Explore and have fun!
Seismic waves tell us about the Earth's tectonic platesTectonic PlatesTectonic PlatesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Earthquake foci help map geometry of tectonic plates
Tectonic PlatesTectonic PlatesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Tectonic plates interact with each other at their boundaries (and cause earthquakes and volcanoes)
Earth’s outer layer is divided into many strong, moving lithospheric plates
Tectonic PlatesTectonic PlatesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Lithosphere = Crust + rigid upper mantle Asthenosphere = a weaker mantle layer beneath the
lithosphere
Tectonic PlatesTectonic PlatesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Mantle convection slab-pull & ridge-push
Why Do the Plates Move?Why Do the Plates Move?Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Internal Heat & GravityInternal Heat & Gravity
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plates collide
Continent-ContinentContinent-Continent Shallow focus earthquakes Minimal volcanism Large mountain ranges
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Continent-ContinentContinent-Continent
Shallow focus EQs Little volcanism
Himalayas
Ocean-ContinentOcean-Continent
Continental volcanic arc
Shallow to deep focusearthquakes (subduction zone)
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Ocean-ContinentOcean-Continent
AndesCascades
Ocean-OceanOcean-Ocean Shallow to deep focus
earthquakes (subduction zone) Island volcanic arc
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Convergent Plate BoundariesConvergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Ocean-OceanOcean-Ocean
Japan Aleutians
Divergent Plate BoundariesDivergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plates move apart
Divergent Plate BoundariesDivergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Mid-Ocean RidgeMid-Ocean Ridge
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Shallow focus earthquakes Basaltic rift volcanism
Divergent Plate BoundariesDivergent Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Continental RiftContinental Rift
East Africa Rift
Transform Plate BoundariesTransform Plate BoundariesPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Minimal volcanism
Plates slide by each other Shallow-focus earthquakes
San Andreas Fault
Intraplate “Hotspots”Intraplate “Hotspots”Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
OceanicOceanic
Shallow-focus earthquakes Basaltic volcanism
Hawaiian Islands - Emperor Seamounts
Plate moves over a mantle plume
Intraplate “Hotspots”Intraplate “Hotspots”Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
ContinentalContinental
Yellowstone
WWW Links in this LectureWWW Links in this Lecture> Seismic waves - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_wave> Plate tectonics - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics> Tectonic plate boundaries - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#Types_of_plate_boundaries> Lithosphere - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere> Asthenosphere - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere> Mantle convection - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_convection> Driving forces of plate motion - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#Driving_forces_of_plate_motion
> Convergent plate boundary - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_Plate_Boundary> Himalayas - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas> Subduction zone - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction> Volcanic arc - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc> Andes - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes> Cascades - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Range> Japanese Islands - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Japan> Aleutian Islands - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
> Divergent boundary - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary> Mid-Atlantic ridge - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge > Continental rift - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley > East African Rift - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley > Transform boundary - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_boundary> San Andreas fault - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault> Hot spot - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_%28geology%29> Mantle plume - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume> Yellowstone - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park
WWW Links in this LectureWWW Links in this LecturePlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics