PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENTThe Seminar Report / Project Report is submitted to

BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY

Under the guidance of

Prof (Dr.) N.N BALA,

Principal

Presented By,

Arindam MukherjeeB.Pharm. 6th Sem.

University Roll No- 20101914010Registration No- 142010210012

&

Dipu BatabyalB.Pharm. 6th Sem.

University Roll No- 20101914020Registration No- 142010210023

BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated to Maulana Abul Kamal Azad University of Technology (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology),Kolkata

78, Jessore road (South), Hridaypur, Barasat, Kolkata-700127

INDIA

2017

Topics to be covered1. Definition of plastic.

2. Classifications of Plastics.

3. Advantages & Disadvantages of Plastics.

4. Plastic waste.

5. Plastics as a pharmaceutical waste.

6. Classification of plastics' waste based on medical products.

7. Adverse effect of plastics.

8. Effects on Human Health.

9. Technologies of waste Management.

A. Recycling of plastics through environmental manner.

B. Plasma Pyrolysis Technology .

C. Conversion of Plastics Waste into liquid fuel .

10. Benefits of Recycling Medicinal Waste.

11. Categorizing of plastics.

12. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 What‘s New?.

13. Conclusion.

14. References.

Definition of plastic

• The word 'Plastic' is derived from the Greek word 'Plastikos' meaning fit for moulding & 'Plastos' meaning moulded.

• The term “plastics” include materials composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine & sulphur,

• Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene is largely used in the manufacturing plastics.

• The first human-made plastic, parkesine, later called cellulose, was invented by Alexander Parkes in 1855.

Classifications of PlasticsThermoplastics:-

• Thermoplastics (Thermo=Heat, Plastic =A State Between Solid And Liquid) Are Made Of Long Chain Molecule that are entangled with each other but not bonded together.

• They can be recycled. Thermoplastic can be molded Into any shape,

• E.g.. Polyethylene , Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) , Nylon And Teflon , Polypropylene , Polystyrene

Thermosetting:-

• Thermosetting Made From Long Chain Molecules Tied With Strong Covalent Bond And Cross Linked -This Cause Plastic Became Rigid And Not Flexible Even At High Temperature.

• They Are More Brittle.

• E.g.. - Phenolic resin, Amino and epoxy resin, Bakelite, Polyurethane, Vulcanized rubber.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Plastics

Disadvantages of Plastics

Plastic is totally impermeable to moisture,

gases etc.

Most plastics permit some passage of light.

Even highly pigmented .

May be permeable to, or subject to attack by,

organic substances, particularly solvents.

Light weight & thin wall section may require

specific production line handling.

Certain designs may show paneling or

cavitation .

Advantages of Plastics

Plastic materials are light in weight, unbreakable,

odorless and can be easily molded.

They have excellent finishing possess good

shock absorption capacity, high strength as well

as toughness.

Therefore they possess good thermal and

electrical insulating property.

Plastics have water resistant good

adhesiveness.

Plastic can be used in building, construction,

electronics, packing and transportation industries.

Plastic waste

“Plastic waste “ means any plastic product such as carry bags, pouches or multi-layered packing, which have been discarded after use or after their intended life is over

Plastic material found in our waste are various both according to their nature and to their uses.

Indeed, the vast majority of plastic material is made of petroleum products and they are not biodegradable.

Plastics as a pharmaceutical waste As a matter of fact plastics are essential

in modern day health care. Plastic products are used in surgery, health care products, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems and medical packaging.

Essential medical applications include:

a) Blood bags.

b) Fluid bags.

c) Heart and lung bypass sets.

d) Blood transfusion sets.

e) Surgical gloves.

f) Drug containers and bottles.

Classification of plastics' waste based on medical products

Unlike the household plastic products the medical products are mostly disposable .This can be classified in to two main categories namely-

Post consumer waste :-

Hospitals produce most of the post consumer waste in form of used syringes, drip bags, surgical gloves, bottles etc.

Now a days approximately 16 billion injections are administered worldwide, every single year.

Unused or company waste :-

Plastic waste generated during the production of medical products such as syringes, drip bags etc. is due to the test production and machine errors caused during moulding process.

This waste is usually cleaner as compared to the post consumer waste and hence easily recycled through shorter process mainly shredding and pelletizing only.

Adverse effect of plastics

In addition to creating safety problems during production, many chemical additives that give plastic products desirable performance properties also have negative environmental and human health effects. These effects include

Direct toxicity, as in the cases of lead, cadmium, and mercury

Carcinogens, as in the case of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Endocrine disruption, which can lead to cancers, birth defects.

Effects on Human HealthPlastic Adverse Health Effects

Polyvinylchloride Cancer, birth defects, vision failure, ulcers

Phthalates ( DEHP, DINP) Endocrine disruption, asthma, hormonal changes

Polycarbonate Cancer, obesity, diabetes, hyperactivity

Polystyrene Irritate eyes, nose and throat, dizziness

Polyethylene Human carcinogen

Urea formaldehyde Carcinogen, birth defects and genetic changes

Polyurethane Foam Bronchitis, coughing, shin and eye problem

Acrylic Vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, headache and fatigue

Tetrafluoro Ethelyn Breathing difficulties

Technologies of waste Management

Recycling of plastics through environmental manner

• Recycling of plastics should be carried in such a manner to minimize the pollution during the process.

• Plastics recycling have been historically divided into four general types:-

• Primary recycling involves processing of a waste into a product with characteristics similar to those of original product.

• Secondary recycling involves processing of waste plastics into materials that have characteristics different from those of original plastics product.

• Tertiary recycling involves the production of basic chemicals and fuels from plastics waste as part of municipal waste stream.

• Quaternary recycling retrieves the energy content of waste plastics by burning. This process is not use in India.

Plasma Pyrolysis Technology

Pyrolysis is the thermal disintegration

of carbonaceous material in oxygen-

starved atmosphere.

The intense and versatile heat

generation capabilities of Plasma

Pyrolysis technology enable it to

dispose of all types of plastic waste

including polymeric, biomedical and

hazardous waste in a safe and reliable

manner.

When optimized, the most likely

compounds formed are methane,

carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon

dioxide and water molecules.

Conversion of Plastics Waste into liquid fuel

The entire process is undertaken in

closed reactor vessel followed by

condensation, if required.

Waste plastics while heating up to 2700 to

3000 C convert into liquid- vapour state,

which is collected in condensation

chamber in the form of liquid fuel.

The tarry liquid waste is topped-down

from the heating reactor vessel.

The organic gas is generated which can

be used in dual fuel diesel generator set

for generation of electricity.

Benefits of Recycling Medicinal Waste Collecting, recycling and reusing

medical waste can avoid environmental hazards and can provide economic benefits for health care facilities.

It reduces the volume of the waste materials that must be disposed in a landfill as a result of it -

1. The emission of green house gasses is decreased.

2. Burning of fossil fuels become less.

3. Mixing of Carbon di oxide become less.

Categorizing of plastics

Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 What‘s New?

Aluminum thickness Of plastic carry bags

increased from 40 to 50 microns.

Responsibility Of local bodies and gram

panchayat.

Responsibility Of waste generator.

C011ect back system and extended

producer responsibility.

Responsibility Of retailers and street

vendors.

Registration Of the shopkeepers and street

vendor to getting plastic bag.

Conclusion Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and

used.

It is convenient (use and throw away).

Although some plastics are recyclable, not enough is

recycled.

Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.

Laws, economical measures and education help.

Should we really put our own selfish needs before the

needs of everything around us now and the lives of

future generations? As a responsible citizen we must

take precautions while using plastic products, reduce

the consumption, and encourage others to do the same.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_pollution www.cpcb.nic.in/139-144.pdf www.wbpcb.gov.in/pages/display/122-plastic-waste-management https://saferenvironment.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/plastic-wastes-

%E2%80%93-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-of-plastics-are-essential-to-make-environment-greener-and-safer/

A Review of Plastic Waste Management Strategies:Javeriya Siddiqui and Govind Pandey, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences .

Development of process for disposal of plastic waste using plasma pyrolysis technology and option for energy recovery: M. Puncochara, B. Rujb, P. K. Chatterjee .

THANK YOU