Plants toxic to horses
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Toxic PlantsPossibly Pretty but Don’t Touch or Eat
Bob Morgan, DVM
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Type of Problems for
Horses1. Mechanical Irritation
2. Internal Poisoning
3. Unexpected Consequences
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Mechanical Irritation
Foxtail Barley
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Mechanical Irritation
Filaree
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Mechanical Irritation
Bristle Grass(setaria)
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Mechanical Irritation Yellow Star Thistle
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Mechanical Irritation
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Internal Poisoning
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Internal Poisoning(cases in descending order)
CAHFS 1990-2007
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Oleander
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Oleander 1. All parts of plant are toxic 2. Plant contains Oleadrin(a cardio-toxin) 3. ~ 20 Leaves can be fatal to adult Eq. 4. Signs of ingestion may include: depression, weakness, irregular heartbeat, diarrhea, and sudden death.5 Immediate medical intervention is
imperative. Bring a sample of the plant!!
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Oleander-TreatmentECG exam
Cardiac supportive drugs
IV fluids
Gastric lavage and adsorbents
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Yellow Star Thistle
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Yellow Star ThistleToxic principle is a complex compound that “liquifies” a portion of the brain which controls prehension.
Clinical signs include: weakness, lethargy, and incoordinted actions of the lips and tongue.
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Yellow Star Thistle
1. Most cases die of starvation.2. No effective treatment.3. If on YST pasture, feed aggressively.4. ~600# of plant causes clinical signs
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity
Common Groundsel Fiddleneck
These plant are often incorporated in first cutting hay from California
Horses will not graze these plants
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity
Inspect hay for signs of PA containing plants.
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PA Toxicity
1.Weight loss2. Lethargy3. Poor Appetite4. Icterus (Jaundice)5. Dark colored urine
Toxicity can occur with ingestion of as little of 12# of plant over time.
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PA ToxicityPrognosis depends severity of
liver damage(liver fibrosis).
No specific treatment.Bloodwork, liver biopsy, and
behavior will aid in judging severity.
.
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Unintended Consequences
Non-toxic weeds: dandelion, filaree, red clover, and mallow can concentrate sugars and fructans posing a risk for laminitis.
This can also be true of other pasture grasses on warm afternoons and after a heavy frost.
Restrict laminitis prone Eq. from these pastures or use grazing muzzle.
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Unintended Consequences
Acorns/Oak
All parts of oak contain tanins/phenolswhich can lead to GIupset and colic; can be problem for EQ predisposed to laminitis.
Large amounts consumed for 2-3days in a row or longer are problematic
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Take Home PointsProvide adequate, good quality feed.
Identify and remove known toxic plants.
If poisoning is suspected, contact the clinic. The patient and the plant should be examined.
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Extra Credit
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Extra Credit