PLANTS review Chapters 29, 30, 38 Bryophytes & Pteridophytes Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Angiosperm...
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Transcript of PLANTS review Chapters 29, 30, 38 Bryophytes & Pteridophytes Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Angiosperm...
PLANTS reviewChapters 29, 30, 38
Bryophytes & Pteridophytes Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Angiosperm Reproduction
One of the four main types of land plants that contains mosses and lacks vascular tissue
BRYOPHYTES
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group? sporophyte gametophyte
gametophyte
One of the four main types of land plants that contains ferns and has vascular tissue
Pteridophytes
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group? sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte
One of the four main types of land plants that contains flowering plants and possess vascular tissue
Angiosperms
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group? sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte
One of the four main types of land plants that contains the conifers, have “naked” seeds, and vascular tissue
Gymnosperms
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group? sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte
The mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi
mycorrhizae
90% of all plant species today are in which group?
Angiosperms(flowering plants)
Evidence suggests that land plants evolved from which group of protists 500 million years ago?
Green algae (Charophytes)
What evidence suggests that land plants evolved from green algae 500 million years ago?
•Both produce cellulose for cell walls in same unique way•Both only groups with peroxisomes (to reduce effects of photorespiration)•Similar sperm structure•Make cell plates during mitosis is similar way•Nuclear and chloroplast DNA closely related
If a plant is “nonvascular” it means it doesn’t have _____________xylem or phloem
The female gametangia in plantsis called the __________ archegonia antheridia
archegonia
All land plants have a life cycle that consists of two multicellular stage called
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
Another key feature of plants isthe production of gametes inmulticellular organs called
gametangia
The gametophyte stage is__________
haploid diploid
haploid
The male gametangia in plantsis called the __________ archegonia antheridia
antheridia
The zygote produced by fusion of sperm and egg is ________ haploid diploid
diploid
What advantages did becomingterrestrial provide plants?
Increased sunlight (unfiltered by water)More carbon dioxide in air than watersoils rich in nutrientsfewer predators
The sporophyte stage is__________
haploid diploid
diploid
What challenges did plants facewhen they became terrestrial?
Lack of water, dessication, lack of structural support against gravity
The sporophyte divides using_________to produce spores.
mitosis meiosis
meiosis
The antheridia in the gametophyte produces____________Multiple sperm
The archegonia in a gametophyteproduces _____________
The gametophyte divides using_________to produce gametes.
mitosis meiosismitosis
a single egg
Which plant group requires water for their sperm to swim to the egg?
All seedless plantsBryophytes & Pteridophytes
Structures in the sporophytestage where meiosis occurs to produce spores sporangia
Spores produced by plants are____________
haploid diploid
haploid
The megasporagium, megaspore,and protective tissue around themmake an _________ovule
What are the 5 crucial adaptations that led to the success of seed plants?
•Reduced gametophytes (protects antheridia/archegonia)• Heterospory (2 types of spores)• Ovules (protect egg/developing zygote)• Pollen (no need for water)• Seeds
Megaspores produce______________Female gametophytes
The production of TWO types ofspores seen in seed plantsis called ___________heterospory
Microspores produce______________male gametophytes
A pollen grain contains____________2 sperm nuclei
Identify the following flower parts
Anther
filament
stamen1
2
34
5
6
7
8
9
10
stigma
style
ovary
Carpel
ovule
sepalpetal
In angiosperms and gymnospermsa male gametopyte
= a _______Pollen grain
What advantages do seeds havecompared to spores?
Seeds are multicellular with several layers of tissue protecting embryoSeeds have supply of stored energy so embryo can wait for good germination conditions and use stored energy for early growth
Plants with “naked” seeds arecalled __________Gymnosperms
In a flowering plant the mature ovaries are called _________fruits
Angiosperm that has onecotyledon in the seed, parallel leaf veination, scattered vascular tissue and flowering parts in multiples of threes
monocot
Give an example of the above
Corn, orchids, lilies, grasses
Angiosperm that has twocotyledon in the seed, net leaf veination, vascular tissue in a ring and flowering parts in multiples of fours or fivesEudicot (dicot)
Give an example of the aboveRoses, peas, beans, oaks
Flowering plants are classifiedin the PHYLUM ______________
ANTHOPHYTA
The stamens with anthers are the _________ part of a flower. male female
male
The ________ in a flower ismade up of the stigma, style, and ovary.
carpel
Plant pollen is _________ haploid diploid
haploid
Gymnosperms have seeds oftenexposed on modified leavescalled _________ cones
The carpel including the stigma and style is the_________ part of a flower. male female
female
CONTRAST MONOCOTS & DICOTS
one two
MONOCOTS DICOTSNumber of cotyledonsin seed
Vein pattern
Flower partsin multiples of ?
Location of vascular tissue
Examples
parallel net
Multiples of 3’sMultiples of 4’s & 5’s
Corn, orchids, lilies, grasses
Peas, beans, roses,oaks
scattered In ring
Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts belong in which group of plants?
Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
As plants evolved from algae toangiosperms which generationincreases in dominance?
sporophyte
Most angiosperms are_____________ meaning theyhave both male and female parts on the same flower.
monoecious
Ferns, horsetails, club mosses belong in which group of plants?
Pterophytes
Ginko, cycads, Ephedra, and conifers belong in which group of plants?Gymnosperms
Plants with male and femaleflowers on separate plants arecalled _____________dioecious
Flowering plants belong in whichgroup of plants?
Angiosperms
How do monoecious plants preventself pollination?Male and female parts may be physically separated (anthers/stigmaat different heights) or mature atdifferent times.
Double fertilization is only seenin which group of plants?
Angiosperms
Seed leaves are called_____________cotyledons
CONTRAST PLANT REPRODUCTION
Mosses Ferns
Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Example
Dominantgeneration
Alternategeneration
How spermmove
Relationship ofgametophyte &sporophyte
Ginko, conifersFlowering plants
gametophyte sporophyte
sporophytegametophyte(small)
sporophyte(tree)
sporophyte
Requireswater to swim
Requireswater to swim
Sporophytegrows on topof & providednourishmentby femalegametophyte
Sporophyte grows out offemale archegonium of gametophyte;receives nourishment; independent atmaturity
Wind, insectscarry pollen
gametophyte(pollen, ovary)
Gametophytereduced in size;relies onsporophyte for protectionand nourishment
Wind, animalscarry pollen
gametophyte(pollen/ovule)
Gametophytereduced in size;relies onsporophyte for protectionand nourishment
Many angiosperms and theirpollinators show which pattern of evolution?coevolution
Endosperm is __ n3
7. _______________________
8. _______________________
9. ________________________
10. _______________________
Match the derived characters with the correct branch points in the diagram
embryos
Vascular tissue
From:Campbell and Reece Chap 30 Self quiz
seeds
flowers
FlowersEmbryosSeedsVascular tissue
Flowers that have both maleand female parts are called____________monoecious
Tell what happens to the 2 spermnuclei in double fertilizationOne sperm fertilizes the egg and becomes the embryo; the 2nd sperm nuclei fertilizes 2 polar bodies and becomes the endosperm
Plants that produce flowers that have either male or female parts, but not both are called _____________dioecious
Mature ovaries = __________fruits
In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs(microsporangia) undergo ________ to make haploid microspores
mitosis meiosis
meiosis
In angiosperm reproduction, themale gametophyte = _________Pollen grain
In an angiosperm seed theembryonic root is called the__________radicle
In angiosperm reproduction,seeds grow into __________ gametophytes sporophytes
sporophytes
In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs(microsporangia) undergo meiosis to make haploid _________________
microspores
In angiosperm reproduction, thefemale gametophyte = _________Embryo sac
In angiosperms diploid cells in ovules undergo meiosis to make 4 haploid _________________megaspores
In angiosperms, the ovule developsinto the _______ and the ovarydevelops into the __________
seedfruit
The transfer of pollen from theanther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant is called _____________
pollination
The shoot tip with miniatureleaves attached inside a seed is called the _________epicotyl
Tell some mechanisms that prevent plants from self pollinating
Dioecious flowers- pollen making and egg makingflowers are on separate plants
Monoecious flowers- male and female parts are physically separated by height or mature at different times
Molecular barriers-biochemical block prevents pollen from same plant from developing pollen tube and fertilizing own egg