Classification of Plants Plant Kingdom Flowering Plants Non-flowering Plants.
Plants
description
Transcript of Plants
PlantsChapter 19 & 20
The origin of plants from algae Desended from
Charophytes (multicellular green algae) Live around edges of
lakes and ponds Some ancient
charophytes may have lived in shallow-water habitats that occasionally dried out
Natural selection favored algae that could survive the dry periods
Adaptations enabled permanent plant life on dry land 475 million yrs ago
What are plants? Multicellular Autotrophic Embryo develops within a mother plant Eukaryotic
2 (phyla) divisions in plants
1. Bryophytes- do NOT have transport tissue called vascular tissue, thus are nonvascular plants
2. Tracheophytes- do have vascular tissue, so are called vascular plants
Ferns conifers
Flowering Plants
19 Mosses, hornworts, liverworts
Warm-up: (solo on scratch paper)
Identify the 2 phyla/divisions of plants Identify the characteristic that
separates plants into these 2 divisions
Identify major examples of plants that belong to each division
Bryophytes Nonvascular plants grow close to
the ground to absorb water and nutrients.
Seedless plants rely on free-standing water for reproduction.
Liverworts, Mosses Hornworts
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3 Kinds of Tracheophytes
Pteridophytes :
GymnospermsAngiosperms
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Tracheophyte Facts
Adaptations of tracheophytes to life on land
1. P- protection from drying out
2. E- exchange of gases through leaves
3. T- transport substances4. S- support
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Plants have adaptations that allow them to live on land. P-protection from drying out
A cuticle allows plants to retain moisture. waxy, waterproof layer
– holds moisture in
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E-Exchange of gases on leaves Stomata are tiny holes in the lower epidermis. Guard Cells- open & close stoma
stoma
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Gurard cell
Plants have adaptations that allow them to live on land.
T- Transport by Vascular Tissue
sugars
water and mineral nutrients
– Xylem: transports water and minerals up from roots to leaves– Phloem: transports food (glucose) from leaves to roots and
shoots
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xylem
phloem
Plants have adaptations that allow them to live on land.
S- support by cellulose and Lignin
– Allows plants to grow upright– hardens cell walls of some vascular tissues– provides stiffness to stems
plant cells
lignin
19 Plants have adaptations that allow them to live on land.
Bryophytes
Nonvascular plants grow close to the ground to absorb water and nutrients.
Seedless plants rely on free-standing water for reproduction.
Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts
VIDEO Alternation of Generations: The sex life of Bryophytes• What is meant by “Alternation
of Generations”?• What is the difference
between gametophytes and sporophytes?
Pteridophytes (Club mosses and ferns) are seedless vascular plants.
Characteristics/Adaptations: Vascular tissue Seedless Ferns, Club Mosses, and Horsetails
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Fern
Club Moss
Horsetails
Tracheophyte #1 www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedlessplants/
Ferns Sori form under the
fronds Rhizoids Rhizomes Fiddlehead
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Video
Fern Life Cycle:• What are Rhizoids• What is the difference btwn
antheridium and archaegonium?• What is the function of anteridiogen?
Gymnosperms Plants that bear seeds that are “Naked” (not enclosed by an ovary)
can reproduce without free-standing water, via pollination
– ADAPTATIONS– Vascular Tissue– Pollen Grains (male
gametophyte)– Naked Seeds (embryo &
food supply)– seeds allow plants to
disperse to new places
19 Tracheophyte #2
www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/
video Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms do have naked seeds (not enclosed by a fruit).
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CYCADSCONIFERS
GINKGOS
Angiosperms (flowering plants) – Adaptations:
– vascular tissue– Flowers (reproductive
structure)– Seeds develop within
ovaries– Fruit- ripened ovary
19 Tracheophyte #3video
Structure of a Flower
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Monocots VS Dicots
Work with your face partner…
Create two lists that describe the characteristics of monocots and dicots
Classes of Angiosperms19
DICOTS
1 cotyledo
n
2 cotyledon
s
Monocots and Dicots (classes of Angiosperms)
19lily
grass
Oak tree
Cherry Tree
Fig. 19-5
1. Which group of algae has been hypothesized to be the ancestor of plants?
2. Which group of plants evolved most recently?
3. What main adaptation separated the pteridophytes from bryophytes?
4. In which group of plants did seeds first appear?