Plant UnitPlant Unit

Mrs. GerlachMrs. Gerlach

2010-20112010-2011

Classifying PlantsClassifying Plants

Non-vascular: have no vessels, no Non-vascular: have no vessels, no roots, no stems, or leaves.roots, no stems, or leaves.– Example: Mosses and LiverwortsExample: Mosses and Liverworts

Vascular: have vessels to transport Vascular: have vessels to transport food and water. They have roots, food and water. They have roots, stems, and leaves.stems, and leaves.– Example: Grass, corn, trees, flowers, and Example: Grass, corn, trees, flowers, and

bushesbushes

Adaptations to landAdaptations to land

Waxy layer Waxy layer

Deep rootsDeep roots

Vascular tissueVascular tissue

Classifying Plants Classifying Plants ContinuedContinued Vascular TissueVascular Tissue

– Xylem: transports waterXylem: transports water– Phloem: transports foodPhloem: transports food

Classifying Plants Classifying Plants ContinuedContinued

Two types of PlantsTwo types of Plants– Gymnosperms Gymnosperms – AngiospermsAngiosperms

GymnospermsGymnosperms

““naked seeds”naked seeds” Cone bearing plants (plants grow on Cone bearing plants (plants grow on

cones)cones) Needle like leavesNeedle like leaves Usually stay green year roundUsually stay green year round Wind pollinatedWind pollinated Example: pine trees and evergreensExample: pine trees and evergreens

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Flowering plantsFlowering plants Seeds are enclosed in a fruitSeeds are enclosed in a fruit Most pollinated by birds and beesMost pollinated by birds and bees Have finite growing seasonsHave finite growing seasons Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks, Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks,

dandelionsdandelions Broken down into two groupsBroken down into two groups

Monocot vs. DicotMonocot vs. Dicot

MonocotsMonocots– 1 seed leaf (cotyledon)1 seed leaf (cotyledon)– Parallel veins on leavesParallel veins on leaves– Leaves are narrowLeaves are narrow– Flowers in multiples of threeFlowers in multiples of three– Fibrous rootsFibrous roots– Vascular bundles scattered through Vascular bundles scattered through

stemstem

DicotsDicots– 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)2 seed leaves (cotyledons)– Branching veinsBranching veins– Leaves broader Leaves broader – Flowers in multiples of 4 or 5Flowers in multiples of 4 or 5– Tap rootTap root– Vascular bundles arranged in a ringVascular bundles arranged in a ring

Parts of a Plant: RootsParts of a Plant: Roots

Functions of RootsFunctions of Roots– Absorbs water and mineralsAbsorbs water and minerals– Anchors the plantAnchors the plant– In potatoes and carrots-stores foodIn potatoes and carrots-stores food

Root capRoot cap– Protects the growing root tipProtects the growing root tip

Root hairsRoot hairs– Absorption of water and nutrientsAbsorption of water and nutrients

Parts of a Plant: StemsParts of a Plant: Stems

Functions of StemsFunctions of Stems– Supports the plantSupports the plant– Transports water through xylemTransports water through xylem– Transports food through phloem Transports food through phloem

(translocation)(translocation)

Two typesTwo types– HerbaceousHerbaceous– woodywoody

Parts of a Plant: Parts of a Plant: LeavesLeaves

Functions of the LeavesFunctions of the Leaves– Convert sunlight into foodConvert sunlight into food

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis– Equation (COEquation (CO22 + H + H22OOCC66HH1212OO66 + 60 + 6022))

Transpiration: loss of water Transpiration: loss of water through the leavesthrough the leaves

Leaves ContinuedLeaves Continued

Stomata: pores within Stomata: pores within the leaf that open to the leaf that open to let COlet CO22 in and O in and O22 out out

Guard Cells: Regulate Guard Cells: Regulate movement of gases movement of gases and water through and water through leavesleaves

Cuticle: waxy Cuticle: waxy converting on leaf converting on leaf that prevents water that prevents water lossloss

Parts of a Plant: Parts of a Plant: FlowerFlower FunctionsFunctions

– Reproductive Reproductive organ of the plantorgan of the plant

A Plant is Like . . . . .A Plant is Like . . . . . Booklet FoldableBooklet Foldable Title PageTitle Page For For eacheach of the four plant of the four plant

parts you will need three parts you will need three

comparisons.comparisons. One complete sentence One complete sentence

describing the function describing the function in your own in your own wordswords..

At least one illustration per page – At least one illustration per page – drawn or cut from magazine.drawn or cut from magazine.

Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction

Flower parts (on board)Flower parts (on board)

Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction– Pollen produced by stamen, Pollen produced by stamen,

transferred by wind or animals, transferred by wind or animals, lands in the ovary, ovary develops lands in the ovary, ovary develops into a fruit, fruits are dispersed, seed into a fruit, fruits are dispersed, seed will open when right conditions. will open when right conditions.

Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction– self-pollinationsself-pollinations– Or, some plants send out runners or Or, some plants send out runners or

new pieces can form a new plantnew pieces can form a new plant

Plant GrowthPlant Growth

Germination: when a seed sproutsGermination: when a seed sprouts

Only grow at the meristem (ends of Only grow at the meristem (ends of stems and roots)stems and roots)

Primary growth: tallerPrimary growth: taller Secondary growth: widerSecondary growth: wider

Tree Rings: each ring in one year of Tree Rings: each ring in one year of plant growthplant growth

Types of Growth Types of Growth patternspatterns Perennials: Perennials:

– live several yearslive several years– reproduce many timesreproduce many times– Woody plantsWoody plants

AnnualsAnnuals– Completes life cycle in one yearCompletes life cycle in one year

Grows, flowers, reproduces, and diesGrows, flowers, reproduces, and dies

BiannualsBiannuals– Completes life cycle in two yearsCompletes life cycle in two years

Minerals that aid in Minerals that aid in growthgrowth NitrogenNitrogen

– ProteinProtein

PhosphorusPhosphorus– EnergyEnergy

PotassiumPotassium– Balance and stomata/guard cell Balance and stomata/guard cell

openingopening

Environmental Environmental InfluencesInfluences Tropism: response in which a Tropism: response in which a

plant grows towards or away from plant grows towards or away from a stimulusa stimulus– Phototropism: light is stimulusPhototropism: light is stimulus– Gravitropism: gravity is stimulusGravitropism: gravity is stimulus– Thigmotropism: touch is stimulusThigmotropism: touch is stimulus