Plant this – not that: Native alternatives to invasive...
Transcript of Plant this – not that: Native alternatives to invasive...
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Plant this – not that: Native alternatives to invasive plants as part of National Invasive Species Awareness Week
Brought to you by “United by Art” - Irena Brubaker - Betsy Lowry Donovan - Glenda Parker Jones - Joanne Phillips Lott - Julia E. Shields - M.P. Wilson and by Johnny Randall North Carolina Botanical Garden The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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www.nisaw.org
Visit NISAW website to review events and opportunities
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“Plant this – not that” outline
• What is an invasive species
• Why have some exotic species become invasive
• Variation in exotic plant impact
• Gardening with local ecology in mind
• A few of the thousands of native plants that
are available for the landscape
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HIPPO
Many different factors contribute to the destruction of biodiversity on Earth. Scientists have come up with a list of factors that can be summarized by the acronym “HIPPO“
H = Habitat Destruction
I = Introduced Species
P = Pollution
P = Population Growth
O = Over-consumption
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Definitions and the need for a common language…
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With respect to a particular ecosystem, any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem.
Executive Order 13112
Exotic Species
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An exotic species whose introduction does, or is likely to cause, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.
Executive Order 13112
A non-native species that intrudes upon an environment. Often possessed of rapid growth and efficient reproduction, it crowds out native species, damaging wildlife habitat and threatening biodiversity.
United by Art
Invasive Species
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Some invasive species
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Emerald ash borer is on our doorstep…
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Hemlock wooly adelgid
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Redbay Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus glabratus and fungus (Raffaelea lauricola)
Laurel Wilt Disease
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From where do invasives come???
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Exotics become invasive because they:
• are placed in matched habitats from other parts of the world, but without their former pests and pathogens
• have “weedy” characteristics
• take advantage of disturbed environments
• fill an “empty” niche
• resist herbivory and competition using novel chemical defenses
• were selected for superior competitive abilities
• have evolved herbicide resistance
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Variation in Exotic Plant Impact After White and Schwarz, 1998
Exotic species effects: • Do not persist after cultivation
• Persist after cultivation but do not spread
• Spread vegetatively and/or by seed after cultivation
• Spread only in human-created habitats
• Spread into native habitats but do not reduce native species
• Spread into native habitats and reduce native species
• Spread into native habitats, change ecosystem function, alter composition, or reduce natives
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Species that do not persist after cultivation
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Species that persist after cultivation but do not spread
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Species that spread vegetatively or by seed after cultivation
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Species that spread only in human-created habitats
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Species that spread into native habitats but do not reduce native species
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Species that spread into native habitats and reduce natives
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Spread into native habitats, change ecosystem function, alter composition, and/or reduce natives
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Gardening with local ecology in mind
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If you would be happy for a week, take a wife (or husband). If you would be happy for a month, kill a pig. If you would be happy for all your life, plant a garden. Chinese Proverb
Some Town NC
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Generally unhappy people…
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Really happy people…
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More happy people and who color coordinate with their landscape
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Ecologically designed landscapes should create beauty while reducing maintenance by:
• minimizing site disturbance
• choosing the right plant for the right spot
• attempting to recreate natural relationships (i.e., mimicking nature)
• maximizing plant diversity
• employing zeroscaping where possible
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Typical questions asked in choosing landscape plant material
• Sun or shade?
• What are the soil type preferences (pH, moisture, etc.)?
• Evergreen or deciduous?
• How large at maturity?
• When does it flower?
• Is it hardy in my area?
• Are any parts of the plant poisonous?
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Questions that should be asked in choosing landscape plant material
• Is the plant invasive (based on public garden, native plant society, or other conservation organization data)?
• Is it useful or harmful to wildlife?
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Understand your landscape and recognize the need for critter habitat
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http://udel.edu/~dtallamy/
Doug Tallamy University of Delaware
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Explore your “ecological address”
It’s as easy as Your zip code.
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www.ncsu.edu/goingnative/
North Carolina State University
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My favorite site for information…
www.ncbg.unc.edu
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NCBG Exotic Plant Policy
• Possess plant collections that do no harm to natural areas and native plant diversity.
• Protect and restore natural areas by eradicating invasive exotic species.
• Interpret and promote the natural diversity of NC and the Southeast.
• Promote the preservation of native biodiversity.
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The Chapel Hill Thesis and Challenge Do No Harm to Plant Diversity Do No Harm to Natural Areas
Perform risk assessment for introductions
Remove invasives from plant collections
Control invasives in natural areas
Develop non-invasive and native plant alternatives and certify non-invasiveness for the trade
Do not distribute seeds/plants that will be invasive elsewhere
Educate the public
Become partners with conservation organizations
Obey import rules and enact strong procedures to minimize the risk of introducing disease and pest organisms
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The Workshop on Linking Ecology and Horticulture
To
Prevent Plant Invasions
December 2001
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis Declaration
www.mobot.org/iss
FINDINGS AND OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES
VOLUNTARY CODES OF CONDUCT
ELEMENTS OF THE CODES:
Prevention, risk assessment, regionalism
Distribution
Removal
Non-invasive alternatives
Public awareness, demand
Professional training
Partnerships, databases, communication
Importation, exportation rules
The Voluntary Codes of Conduct
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Voluntary Codes for the
gardening public
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The purposes of the NC-EPPC are:
•To provide a focus for issues and concerns
regarding exotic pest plants in North
Carolina.
•To facilitate communication and the
exchange of information regarding all
aspects of exotic pest plant control and
management.
•To provide a forum where all interested
parties may participate in meetings.
•To promote public understanding regarding
exotic pest plants and their control.
•To serve as an advisory Council regarding
funding, research, management, and control
of exotic pest plants.
•To facilitate action campaigns to monitor
and control exotic pest plants in North
Carolina.
•To review incipient and potential pest plant
management problems and activities and
provide relevant information to interested
parties.
Board of Directors represent: - Botanical Gardens and Arboreta - Conservation Organization - Allied Industry - NC Nursery and Landscape
Association (NCNLA) - Landscape Industry/NCLA - Academia - Government - Citizens
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NC Native Plant Society Plants to Avoid
www.ncwildflower.org
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Print, fold, and carry
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Some native plants for the landscape
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Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepius tuberosa)
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Rosinweeds (Silphium spp.)
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Climbing Aster (Ampelaster carolinianus)
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Scarlet Calamint or Scarlet Wild Basil (Clinopodium coccineum )
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Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
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Tickseed (Bidens aristosa) for the moist ditch in front of your house…
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Spanish Bayonet or Adam’s Needle (Yucca filamentosa)
Prickly-pear (Opuntia spp.)
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Eastern aromatic aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium)
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Maryland Golden-aster (Chrysopsis mariana)
Coneflowers (Echinacea spp.)
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Baptisia species and hybrids – various colors, from blue to white
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Curleyheads (Clematis ochroleuca)
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North Carolina state wildflower – Carolina lily (Lilium michauxii)
New England aster (Symphotrichum novae angliae)
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Southern Sundrops (Oenothera fruticosa)
Downy phlox (Phlox pilosa)
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Wild Quinine (Parthenium integrifolium)
Blazing-star (Liatris spp.)
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Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata)
Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
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Native grasses: Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Little Bluestem (Schizacharium scoparium) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Plume grass (Saccharum giganteum) Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) Hairgrass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) River oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) And many others…
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Goldenrods (Solidago spp.), frost aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum), and Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans)
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Pinkster flower (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
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Mountain Holly (Ilex montana)
Hearts-A-Bustin’ (Euonymous americanus)
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Viburnum species (Viburnum dentatum, V. acerifolium, and V. rufidulum)
Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
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This is not the end, but the beginning of our new exhibit! Please join us in the Elenor Pegg Exhibit Hall for a reception with “United by Art”