Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a...
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Transcript of Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a...
![Page 1: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Structure
![Page 2: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit
• Plants have 3 tissue systems:
• Ground tissue (3 types)
• Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
• Dermal tissue (exterior)
![Page 3: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ground tissue
• Parenchyma - found throughout the plant, these tissues perform important functions like photosynthesis
• Colenchyma - structural support in herbaceous plants
• Sclerenchyma- hard structural support (trees)
![Page 4: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Parenchyma
• Simple tissue found throughout the plant. Functions include photosynthesis, food storage, secretion
![Page 5: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Collenchyma
• Provides structural support
• Found just under the stem epidermis and along leaf veins
• Cells are alive at maturity and function only when they are alive
![Page 6: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sclerenchyma
• Hard structural support
• may be alive or dead and still function structurally
• one type of sclerenchyma is fiber (wood)
![Page 7: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Xylem and Phloem
• Both add structural support
• Xylem - conducts water and minerals, long tapering cells that act as pipes of a sort
• Phloem - conducts food
![Page 8: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dermal
• Epidermis - outermost layer composed of single layer of ground parenchyma cells
• Periderm - many layers thick, found on woody plants, replaces epidermis, parenchyma cells
![Page 9: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Growth
• Plant growth occurs at specialized areas called meristems (meristematic tissue)
• primary growth - increase in length of plant, occurs at apical meristems,
• secondary growth - increase in girth, occurs at lateral meristems, vascular cambium (see figure 26-16, pg 519)
![Page 10: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stems
![Page 11: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Leaves
![Page 12: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Leaves
• Arrangement on stem -pg 509• alternate• opposite• whorled• Large surface area to collect light and allow for
gas exchange but increases tendency for water loss - cuticle reduces water loss
• Hairs on leaves are called trichomes
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Leaves
• Cuticle is thicker on the top of a leaf than it is on the bottom
• Stomata - opening controlled by guard cells. More stomata on bottom of leaves
• Mesophyll- photosynthetic tissue of leaf
• Xylem and phloem pass through mesophyll (xylem toward the top and phloem toward the bottom)
![Page 14: Plant Structure. Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells organized to form a functional unit or a structural unit Plants have 3 tissue systems: Ground.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56649e0f5503460f94afa57a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mesophyll
• Palisade layer - cells stacked more closely together, toward the upper epidermis, primary site of photosynthesis
• Spongy layer - cells more loosely organized, toward lower epidermis, some photosynthesis, but primarily engaged in gas diffusion within the leaf
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Monocots and Dicotssee page 529
Characteristic Monocot Dicot
Leaf shape Narrow Broad,flattened
Attach to stem Wrap around Petiole
Veins Parallel Netted
Mesophyll Notdifferentiated
Contains bothspongy andpalisade layers
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Leaf function
• Photosynthesis - more later
• Transpiration - 99% of water absorbed by plant is lost by transpiration
• Guttation- available water is high, transpiration is low
• Abscission-allows plant to shed leaves