Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.
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Transcript of Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.
![Page 1: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment
Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment
![Page 2: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Seeds
A plant structure that contains an embryo, contains nutrients for the embryo, and is covered with a protective coat
These features enableseeds to survive harsh environmental
conditions and then sprout when favorable conditions exist.
![Page 3: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Seeds have one or more cotyledons that store or help absorb food for the sporophyte.
Seeds
• Plants whose seeds are part of fruits are called angiosperms (flowing plants)
• Plants whose seeds are not part of fruits are called gymnosperms (non-flowering plants)
![Page 4: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alternation of Generations Gametophyte (haploid)generation produces gametes.
Sporophyte (diploid)generation produces spores that can grow to form the next gametophyte generation.
Sporophyte generation—maple tree
Gametophyte generation—maple pollen
![Page 5: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alternation of Generations
• Diploid sporophyte generation alternates with a haploid gametophyte generation
• Gametophyte of gymnosperms are in the cones, and in angiosperms they are in the flowers
![Page 6: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Two types of cones: – Pollen cone (male cone) – produce pollen– Seed cone (female cone) – contains the ovules,
where the eggs are held
• Pollination – transfer of pollen from the male structure to the female structure
• Fertilization and development then occur
Reproduction in Gymnosperms
![Page 7: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reproduction in Gymnosperms
![Page 8: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Occurs in the flower • Most angiosperms are pollinated by animals
(insects, birds) • Double fertilization – One sperm fertilizes the egg and becomes the zygote – A second sperm fertilizes the embryo sac and
becomes the food supply
Reproduction in Angiosperms
![Page 9: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reproduction in Angiosperms
![Page 10: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reproduction in Angiosperms
• The ovary becomes the fruit
• Seeds are dispersed by animals, wind, and water
• Germination – early growth of the plant
![Page 11: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Germination
![Page 12: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Sepals – enclose the bud • Petals – attract pollinators • Stamen – male structure – Filament – long, thin stalk that supports the anther – Anther – produces pollen
• Carpels (or pistils) – female structure – Ovary – contains the ovules – Style – stalk of the carpel – Stigma – sticky surface where pollen lands
Structure of a Flower
![Page 13: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Structure of a Flower
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Asexual Reproduction• Vegetative reproduction
– production of new plants from stems, leafs, and roots
• Cutting – pieces of plant cut off and planted
• Grafting & budding – a stem or bud is cut from one plant & attached to another
![Page 15: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plant Hormones
• Auxins – stimulate cell elongation
• Cytokinins – stimulate cell division
• Gibberellins – produce increases in size
• Ethylene – stimulates fruit to ripen
![Page 16: Plant Reproduction & Response to the Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cad5503460f9496ef4e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Tropisms – responses of plants to environmental stimuli– Gravitropism – response to gravity– Phototropism – response to light – Thigmotropism – response to touch
• Positive – in the direction of the stimulus • Negative – away from the stimulus
Plant Responses
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Plant Responses