Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the...
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Transcript of Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the...
![Page 1: Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649ebe5503460f94bc7eeb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
• Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant.
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Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction requires fusion of male cells in the pollen grain with female cells in the ovule.
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Plant Life Cycle
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Alternation of Generations
• Plants have a double life cycle with two distinct forms:
• Sporophyte: diploid, produce haploid spores by meiosis.
• Gametophyte: haploid, produce gametes by mitosis.
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Non-flowering plants
• Mosses, ferns, and related plants have motile, swimming sperm.
• What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants?
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Moss Life Cycle
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Fern Life Cycle
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• Moss life cycle:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1z0Vfo62Lg
• Fern life cycle:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fhk-Y0duNjg
![Page 10: Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649ebe5503460f94bc7eeb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Conifers
• Conifers (also non-flowering plants) have reduced gametophytes.
• Male gametophyte is contained in a dry pollen grain.
• Female gametophyte is a few cells inside of the structures that become the seed.
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Conifer life cycle
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Conifer pollination
• Conifers are wind-pollinated plants.
• Chance allows some pollen to land on the scales of female cones.
• Pollen germinates, grows a pollen tube into the egg to allow sperm to fertilize the egg.
• Life Cycle: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPfRV8NWkk4
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Plant Reproduction Song
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35vPjdTNRU0
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Flowers
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Flower Parts
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Male Reproductive Structure
The stamen consists of two parts: Anther and Filament
The anther is where meiosis occurs to produce haploid pollen
The filament is a stalk that supports the anther
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Female Reproductive Structure
The pistil consists of the stigma, style and ovary
The sticky stigma receives the pollen from the anther
The pollen grows a tube down through the style
Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce haploid ovules
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Pollination Wind, insects or
other animals transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another
Flowers vary depending on pollination mechanism
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Fertilization After pollen lands on the stigma, a
pollen tube grows down through the style to ovary
Generative cell creates the two sperm nuclei
Double fertilization occurs:
one sperm fertilizes the egg
one sperm the two polar nuclei together
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Angiosperm Life Cycle
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Gametogenesis: Male
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Gametogenesis: Female
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Double Fertilization
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Result of Double Fertilization
The sperm nucleus and egg nucleus join to form a 2n (diploid) embryo
The other sperm nucleus and the two polar nuclei join to form a 3n (triploid) endosperm. The endosperm is the food supply for the embryo.
First link
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Flower to Fruit
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Seed and Fruit Development
After fertilization, the petals and sepals fall off flower
Ovary “ripens” into a fruit
The ovule develops into a seed
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Seed Dispersal Mechanisms
Wind Dispersal - Flight mechanisms, like parachutes, wings, etc. Ex. Dandelion, maples, birch
Animal Dispersal - Fleshy fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in
feces or burrs which stick to animals’ coats
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Gravity Dispersal - Heavy nuts fall to ground and roll
ex. acorns
Water Dispersal - Plantsnear water create floating
fruitsex. coconuts