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Plant Reproduction AP Biology Unit 5 Bryophyte (Moss) Life Cycle Nonvascular Plant The gametophyte...
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Transcript of Plant Reproduction AP Biology Unit 5 Bryophyte (Moss) Life Cycle Nonvascular Plant The gametophyte...
![Page 1: Plant Reproduction AP Biology Unit 5 Bryophyte (Moss) Life Cycle Nonvascular Plant The gametophyte is the dominant form – Dominant form = the “plant”](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051621/56649e9f5503460f94ba1e1b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction
AP BiologyUnit 5
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Bryophyte (Moss) Life Cycle
• Nonvascular Plant• The gametophyte is the dominant form
– Dominant form = the “plant” we think of as a bryophyte
• Gametophyte is anchored to the ground by rhizoids (H2O absorbing filaments).
• Mosses require water for reproduction - the sperm will swim to the egg by following a trail of chemicals.
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Question…
• What times of year or environmental conditions would favor moss reproduction?– Wet, rainy
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Reproductive Organs
• Archegonium– Female sex organ produces egg
• Antheridium– Male sex organ produces sperm
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• Sperm and Egg are produced from spores through MITOSIS
• Sperm have to be splashed to a nearby archegonium
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• Sporophyte is attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte
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Vascular Plants: Homosporous vs. Heterosporous
• Vascular plants have sporophylls– modified leaves that produce
sporangia (which become spores)
• Homosporous plants – Most ferns
• Heterosporous plants – All seed plants (angiosperms
and gymnospems) and some seedless plants
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Pterophyte (Fern) Life Cycle
• The dominant form is the sporophyte
• Like mosses, water is necessary for reproduction
• Sori are clusters of sporangia on the underside of leaves
• Homosporous plants • Gametophyte is a tiny plant
anchored in the soil by rhizoids
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Gametophyte/Sporophyte Relationships
• 3 different possibilities– Larger gametophyte,
sporophyte is dependent on it– Larger sporophyte,
gametophyte is independent– Larger sporophyte,
gametophyte is dependent
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle
• Sporophyte is the dominant form
• Heterosporous
• Have “naked” seeds – nothing around the seed
• Cones are either male (contain pollen) or female (contain ovule)
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Gymnosperm cones
• Cells on the Ovulate cone will form megasporangium form female gametophyte
• Cells on the Pollen cone will form microsporangium form male gametophyte (pollen grain)
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Micropyle = opening that pollen tube enters through
While the pollen tube is being extended, sperm are produced through MITOSIS, megaspore is produced through MEIOSIS
male gametophyte (pollen grain) lands on the ovulate cone and extends a pollen tube (digests it way) towards the female gametophyte