Rosanna M Peterson Financial Disclosure Report for Peterson, Rosanna M
Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/.../Freyre_guest_lecture.pdfDr. Rosanna...
Transcript of Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/.../Freyre_guest_lecture.pdfDr. Rosanna...
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Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222
Guest Web Lecture
Dr. Rosanna FreyreUF Gainesville
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Breeding Ornamental Plants
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Chapter 5 Guest Lecture
Objectives are to Understand:
• Difference between sexual and clonal propagation
• Classical breeding: collection of germplasm, hybridization and selection
• Polyploidization
• Importance of multi-location, replicated trials
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Sexual vs Clonal Propagation• Sexual propagation is by seed
• It involves genetic recombination of the parental material (female and male) and recombination of traits
• Several generations of selfing are needed to “fix the genotype” and obtain a homogeneous population
• Open pollination or hybridization will result in a heterogeneous population
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• For example, this hybridization in Ruellia resulted in the same flower color in the F1 (homogeneous) and segregation in the F2 (heterogeneous) generations
F1
F2
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Sexual vs Clonal Propagation
• Clonal (or vegetative) propagation is by cuttings and all derived plants are homogeneous and genetically identical
• Many ornamental plants are vegetativelypropagated for commercial sales
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Steps in ornamental classical breeding
1. Selection of the genus and define objective(s)
1998 – Anagallis monellii ‘Skylover Blue’
Breeding for a more compact growth habit
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2000 – Nolana (“Chilean Bellflower”)85 different species growing in Peru and ChileBreeding new interspecific hybrids with new flower colors and better growth habit
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2007 – Ruellia (“Mexican Petunia”)
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2007 – Ruellia (“Mexican Petunia”) Breeding for sterile, non-invasive plants
Paynes Prairie, Alachua County
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What are some traits that make Ruellia invasive?
cleistogamous flowers under low light levels
ability to grow in xeric to aquatic environments prolific fruit and seed production
explosive seed dispersal
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Steps in ornamental breeding
2. Search and collection of germplasm: Anagallis
Anagallis monellii Anagallis arvensis
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2. Search and collection of germplasm
Sevilla, Spain
Sardegna, Italy
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A. tenella A. crassifolia A. arvensis A. monelli
2. Search and collection of germplasm
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2. Search and collection of germplasm: Nolana
• Nolana is found in the coast of Peru and Chile, which are very arid deserts.
• Agriculture is only possible with irrigation from the rivers that flow from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean
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• Nolana are found in “fog oases” that are formed in winter months and provide enough moisture for vegetation to grow
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Collection trips in Peru in 2002 and 2003
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Collected a total of 21 Nolana species
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Steps in ornamental breeding
3. Hybridization (cross-pollination) within or between species
male
female
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You need to learn about the anatomy and physiology of the species
explosive seed dispersal in Ruellia
emasculation to prevent self-pollinationcross-pollination
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You need to learn about the anatomy and physiology of the species
Hybridization in Anagallis
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Hybridizations between Nolana species
Perfect flowerSelf-incompatible
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You need to learn about the anatomy and physiology of the species
Mericarps with very low germination in Nolana
Chile
Peru
Sclerified mericarps
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4. Selection process
Selection for compact growth habit and good flowering in Nolana
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Selection for compact habit, flowering and no/low fruiting in Ruellia
4. Selection process
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4. Selection process – clonal propagation of selected plants in the spring
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4. Selection process – trials in containers and in the field
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Polyploidization
• Development of individuals (polyploids) that have more than the normal two sets of chromosomes
4xdiploid (2x) tetraploid (4x)
colchicine or oryzalin
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• There are different methods used to apply colchicine or oryzalin (Surflan) on the meristems
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• Polyploids usually have bigger organs i.e. flowers
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• Color range and flower size obtained with polyploidization and hybridizations in Anagallis
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Polyploidization
• Another important aspect of polyploidization is the development of triploids, which are usually sterile
diploid (2x)tetraploid (4x)
x
3xtriploid (3x)
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• The environment has a big effect on a plant’s performance
• Ideally, breed for plants that have tolerance for a wide range of environments
Importance of multi-location, replicated trials
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• The environment has a big effect on a plant’s performance
• Ideally, breed for plants that have tolerance for a wide range of environments
• Importance of multi-location, replicated trials
Ruellia, 20113 locations3 blocks3 plants/block
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Anagallis ‘Wildcat Blue’, ‘Wildcat Orange’,
‘Wildcat Mandarin’, ‘Wildcat Pink’
Results
2002
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Browallia “Endless”
Results
2006
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Nolana ‘Loma Blanca’
Results
2006
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Ruellia ‘Mayan Purple’ and ‘Mayan White’, 2011
Results
Ruellia ‘Mayan Pink’, 2013
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10 US plant patents, 2 more pending
royalties
Results
16 peer-reviewed articles
3 popular articles
1 book chapter
(‘04 – ’14)
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Thank you!