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Transcript of Plant Physiology z “physis” ynature of y(ultimate reasons …) z physical & chemical basis for...
Plant Physiology
“physis” nature of (ultimate reasons …)
physical & chemical basis for functions
-------------------------- structure – form
anatomy and morphology
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Bio 340 2011
Lecture 75% Exam I -> 1/5 Exam II -> 1/5 Final -> 2/5 Lect. Qu.’s ->
1/5
--> %
Every part is converted to a % score
Lab 25% Battery of 12 Labs ->
48 ptsStudent Journal
Independent Research Project -> 22 pts
Journal Form: Intro, M & M, Results, Sum & Conclusions, Lit. Cited
Lab Quizzes -> 40 pts
TOTAL PTS -> 110 -> _%
Lab Journal
For Each Investigation: Purpose:
a statement of the main objective of the activity; what you are testing, measuring or observing
Procedures (Protocol):provided by the instructor through oral
communications and handouts; summarized in journal
Data (Results):Your whole class data along with your own
individual or group data whenever possible Summary and Conclusions:
4 pts/lab X 12 = 48 pts (You Control the Organization!)
Plant Physiology
Plant Functions: (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Plant Physiology
Form & Function
Plant Functions: 1. capture energy &
assimilate carbon 2. distribute nutrients &
water 3. grow & develop 4. reproduce 5. respond to the
environment
- How Plants Work
Plant Physiology
Form & Function
Plant Functions – How they work
I. Phytohormones
II. Water Relations
III. Biochemistry
Main Units of Bio 340
Transpiration?Guard Cells, Stomatesglucose flux, ion flux
Reductionism?
Emergence?
Vascular vs. Non-vascular Plants
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
cell wall plasma membrane protoplast organelles nucleus/
nucleoplasm cytoplasm Cytosol (gel)
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plasma Membrane - Plasmalemma
up to 50% Phospholipid
up to 50% Protein Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems
bilayer in water impermeable to most
charged particles made in ER,
Chloroplasts & mitochndria
fig 1.16
PlasmalemmaUnit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models
___________ Protein ____________ Phospholipid __ Phospholipid ____________ Protein ____________
fig 1.17
Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems Glycolipids
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Vacuole - fluid-filled sac within
most plant cells; surrounded by plasmalemma called tonoplast (aqueous)
May be 80 - 90% of cell volume
function: uptake of water and cell enlargement
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -
pores
Nucleolus -
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -
pores
Nucleolus - -> Ribosome
production (Protein
production)
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Endoplasmic Reticulum
system of membrane- canals within the cell rough - (ribosomes) smooth -
Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna
fig.1.4
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna
fig.1.4
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cytoskeleton 3-D network
Microtubules tubulin Microfilaments actin
Dynamic -> Cytoplasmic
Streaming tubulin Actin
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cytoskeleton 3-D network
fig.1.22
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Mitochondrion - double membrane
cover
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Mitochondrion - double membrane
cover Cell respiration ->
ATPs glycolysis Krebs Cycle
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Chloroplast - photosynthesis
“Endosymbiosis”
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plastids - Protoplast ->
Chloroplast - photosynthesis
Amyloplast - starch storage
Chromoplast - pigment storage
fig. 1.21
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Microbodies
Oleosomes -
Peroxisomes -
Glyoxysomes -
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Microbodies Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER
Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide
single layer membrane cover
Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism single layer membrane cover
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Wall - Primary - Cellulose Microfibrils
50%
- Pectin 35% - Glycans (10%) forms X-linkages between Microfibrils, dynamic
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Wall - Secondary 45 % Cellulose Less Pectin Less Glycans Little Pectins 35% Lignin woody high strength (concrete reinforced
with steel rods) (2) Zones
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Plate - fusion of Golgi Bodies -> Middle Lamella
Cellulose Synthase - emzyme for cellulose poduction
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plasmodesmata - continuation of plasmalemma between cells Desmotubules - continuation of ER
Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Primary Pit Field - No secondary CW Pits, Pit Pairs
Pathways
Symplast connections of cytosol through
plasmodesmata
Apoplast non-cytoplasmic spaces
Cells --> Tissues
Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cellsCollenchyma - supportSclerenchyma - supportXylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting water & mineralsPhloem - (seive tube elements & companion cells); conducting organic food
in solution
Cells --> Tissues
Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle)Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms
cork cambium
Plant Developmentseed --> embryo --> adult plant
Plant Developmentembryos
Largest Seed Known??
Largest Seed Known??
Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Meristems Apical
primary growth
Lateral secondary
growth vascular
cambium cork cambium
Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Meristems Apical
primary growth
Lateral secondary
growth vascular
cambium cork cambium
Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Root
Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Stem
Monocots vs. Dicots
Leaves Petiole & Blade
Leaves Petiole & Blade
Leaves