Plant genomicsinspacejun02
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![Page 1: Plant genomicsinspacejun02](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052622/558c7113d8b42ac16a8b467f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A PLANT GENETIC ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS
Drs. Terri Lomax and William WinnerDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology
Oregon State University
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Plants will play an important role in any
long-term space exploration……..
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.…colonization…..
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…..or habitation
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Challenges for Plants in Space:
MicrogravityCosmic Radiation
Low AtmosphericPressure High CO2
Temperature????
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Adaptable system to measure and optimize the response of plants to any unique space
condition
Plant Genetic Assessment and Control
The Solution:Plant Genomics
in Space Environments
Module
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Plant Genetic Assessment
and Control Module
Resource Adjustments:Biological
Activate GenesDeactivate GenesAlter Genes
PhysicalChange lightChange waterChange gasesChange nutrients
Plant-CenteredLife-Support
System
Life Support Outputs:Food Medicines VitaminsGas RecyclingWater RecyclingWaste RecyclingAesthetics/Avocation
Resource Inputs:Biological
PlantsSeed/sporesMicrobes
PhysicalLightWaterGasesNutrients
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Plants respond to their environment by changing gene expression
Plant Genetic Assessment and Control Module
e.g. high CO2
mRNA transcription from the Rubisco gene
Increased Rubisco protein
Increased photosynthesis outputs
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25,000to
60,000+
EnvironmentalControl of Genes
PhysiologicalProcesses
Life SupportOutputs
PlantGenes
123456789
Photosynthesis
Respiration
NitrogenAssimilation
All otherprocesses
FoodMedicinesVitaminsReduce CO2Generate O2Recycle WaterRecycle WastesCoolingHeatShadeAestheticsAvocation
Plant GeneticAssessment Module- Microarray technology
ChangeEnvironment
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Basic Architecture for Plant Genomics in Space Environments
Modify Genes
ModifyEcosystem
Gene/patternIdentification
OptimizedPerformance
ModifyEnvironment
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
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Arabidopsis thaliana:
• model plant system2010 Project
• defined gravitropic response
• genome sequence complete
• small size
• rapid generation time
• space-flown
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Basic Architecture for Plant Genomics in Space
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
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Plant Genomics in Space Environments
Microarray Technology• temporal and spatial
gene expression • Affymetrix Arabidopsis
gene chips with over 8200 genes
- next generation chipw/entire genomedue this summer
• provides information on gene involvement in a process or pathway
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Microarrays carry DNA representing 10,000s of gene
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MeasuringGene
Expressionwith
Microarrays
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Rat kidney cell cultures in the Biological Specimen Temperature Controller
(BSTC) on STS-90
heat shock proteinsshear stress proteins transcription factors
Courtesy Tulane Environmental Astrobiology Center
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Basic Architecture for Plant Functional Genomics
SpaceEnvironmental
Condition
Test Plant RNA
DNAMicroarrays
GeneIdentification
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Data Mining:Plant Genome Sequence Databases
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Phase I - Issues & Accomplishments
√ Test plant Arabidopsis thaliana as model system to identify genes involved in the gravitropic response
√ Optimize sample preparation for differential
expression analysis
√ Affymetrix Microarray analysis
√ Identify genes whose expression increases
Arabidopsis
DNAMicroarrays
ArabidopsisDatabase
ArabidopsisRNA
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Phase II - Plant Genetic Assessment and Control
SystemBased on uniquecombination of systems:
• Rapid advances in plant genomics• Microarray technology to measure
gene expression• Bioinformatics• Physiological monitoring
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Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsPhase II:
Continue testing feasibility of microarrayanalysis
Introduce additional environmental conditi
space-flown plant material
high CO2
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OSU Controlled Environment Chamb
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Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsPhase II:
Continue testing feasibility of microarrayanalysis
Introduce additional environmental conditionsspace-flown plant materialhigh CO2
Assess the key technology issues for developinga Plant Genetic Assessment and Control Module
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Plant Genomics in Space EnvironmentsKey Technology Issue - Size:
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The Future: 2002-2020
Expand collaborations with NASA, Affymetrix, and AVI Biopharma (gene knockouts)to develop remote technologies
Work with engineers to optimize module for space flight/habitat
Adapt approach to additional plant systems as data and technologies evolve
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Acknowledgements:
Oregon State University:TJ WhiteRex ColeThe Center for Gene Research and Biotechnolo
Damon Taylor
Patrick IversonDavid Stein