Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns...
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Transcript of Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns...
![Page 1: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Ecology - Chapter 20
Paleoecology
![Page 2: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Paleoecology
The study of historical ecologyChanges in global patterns of vegetation, diversityDriven by ecological, evolutionary processes
![Page 3: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Paleoecology
Plants invaded land during the Paleozoic era, during the later Ordovician and SilurianMajor time of evolution, diversification
![Page 4: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Paleoecology
Diversity of biotic interactions developed earlyMycorrhizae, herbivory, animal pollination, animal seed dispersal
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Paleoecology
Fossil carbon deposits formed from plants during Carboniferous periodCoal from remains of wetland plants (ferns, mosses, gymnosperms)
![Page 6: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Paleoecology
Oil, gas developed from mostly marine plankton (phyto-, zoo-), and maybe wetland plantsDramatic climate change at end of Carboniferous - drier - seed plants began to dominate
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Paleoecology
Mesozoic era was time of major tectonic plate movementEncompassed Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods
![Page 8: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Paleoecology
Moved from supercontinent Pangaea to breakup into current continentsImproved conditions for plant growth, diversification
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Paleoecology
Ferns, seed ferns, gymnosperms became the dominant floraCO2 levels 3-4 X higher than today provided warm climate and plentiful CO2 for photosynthesis
![Page 10: Plant Ecology - Chapter 20 Paleoecology. The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d5d5503460f94a3bf90/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Paleoecology
Decline in CO2 (248-65 mya) changed conditions for plantsCooler, more seasonalityChanging climate and continental breakup led to development, diversification of angiosperms
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Paleoecology
Asteroid impact at end of Mesozoic (65 mya, K-T boundary)Impact debris and/or massive fires led to massive animal and plant extinctionsDinosaurs, and 25-80% of N. Amer, plants (more in south, fewer in north)
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Paleoecology
Continued decline in CO2 concentrations (chemical reactions during new mountain weathering) resulted in slow, re-evolution of new species of angiospermsEvolution of C4 grasses from C3 ancestorsDo better at low CO2
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Paleoecology
Recent trends?Global changes in CO2?
Change in C3 and C4 plant abundance, distribution?
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Paleoecology
Microfossils - pollen grainsMacrofossils - leaves, stems, flowersUsed to understand changing plant communities, changing climates
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Paleoecology
Glacial and interglacial cycling100,000 yearsChange in angle, degree of tilt of Earth’s axis
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Paleoecology
Change in species present in MN from 22,000 ya to presentSpruce, ash, birchPine, elm, oakGrassesNow pines,oaks,sedges
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Paleoecology
Can track shifts in species distribution through time