Plant Classification & Naming Chapter 4 Crops Unit.

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Plant Classification & Plant Classification & Naming Naming Chapter 4 Crops Unit

Transcript of Plant Classification & Naming Chapter 4 Crops Unit.

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Plant Classification & NamingPlant Classification & Naming

Chapter 4 Crops Unit

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Annual PlantAnnual Plant

Annual: Grows for 1 year

1.Germination

2. Growth

3. Flower

4. Dies

                                 

            

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Perennial PlantPerennial Plant

Grows:

1 or more cycles

1.Germination

2.Growth

3.Flowering

4.Dormancy

5. Back To Growth

                                                                        

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Biennial PlantBiennial Plant

1. Germination season 1

2. Growth

3. Dormancy

Takes 2 growing seasons

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Biennial PlantBiennial Plant

Growth season 2

1. Flowering

2. Death

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Herbaceous PlantsHerbaceous Plants

Plants have stems that are soft and not woody.

Ex. Herbs, Vines, Turfgrasses

Die back to ground each year.

                                                          

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Woody PlantsWoody Plants

Produce wood & have buds surviving above the ground over winter.

Ex. Trees, shrubs

                                                     

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Deciduous PlantsDeciduous Plants

Leafless during a portion of the year, usually winter.

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EvergreensEvergreens

Hold their leaves all during the year.

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AnnualsAnnuals

Complete their life cycle in less than a year.

Ex. Petunia, Marigold, Pansy, Broccoli

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Biennial PlantBiennial Plant

Complete their life cycle in 2 years.

Ex. Cabbage, Beets, Hollyhock

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PerennialsPerennials

Will grow indefinitely from year to year.

Ex. Tree, Shrubs

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DicotsDicots

Characterized by 2 cotyledons ( seed leaves) in their seedling stage.

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MonocotsMonocots

Characterized by 1 cotyledon in their seedling stage.

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Dicot PlantsDicot Plants

Example: Rose

   

                                            

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Dicot PlantDicot Plant

Example: Poinsetta

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Dicot PlantDicot Plant

Example: Catnip

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Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants

Example: Wild Iris

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Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants

Example: Timothy Grass

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Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants

Example: Spiderwort

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DefineDefine

1. Hardiness: Ability of a plant to withstand cold temperatures (adaptation).

2. Tender Plant: More sensitive to temperature extremes.

3. Hardy Plant: Less sensitive to temperature extremes.

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DefineDefine

4. Morophology: Deals with a part of a plant form & structure.

5. Botanical Nomenclature: Scientific classification of plants.

6. Cultivar: Cultivated variety that retains its features when reproduced.

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DefineDefine

7. Scientific Name: Latin name of the plant written using Roman alphabet which includes ( genus & species name)

8. Botanist: Scientist who studies plants.9. Reproductive Phase: When plant

flowers and produces fruit.

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DefineDefine

10. Dormancy: Slow or in active growth of plants.

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Plant Life CyclesPlant Life Cycles

1st Vegetative Phase: Begins when a plant seed germinates & grows producing leaves, stems, and roots.

2nd Reproductive Phase: When plant flowers and produces fruit.

3rd Dormancy: Slowed or inactive growth.

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ReviewReview

Annuals: Can be broken into 2 groups.

1. Summer Annuals: Petunia, Marigold, Tomatoes

2. Winter Annuals: Broccoli, Spinach, Pansy

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ReviewReview

Biennials:

1st season grow vegetatively then dormant

2nd season produce fruit

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ReviewReview

Perennials: 2 groups

1st Herbaceous: Strawberries,Asparagus

2nd Woody: Trees, Shrubs, some Vines

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Photosynthesis & RespirationPhotosynthesis & Respiration

Chapter 4

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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

The green color in leaves (chlorophyll) utilizes the energy of the sun ( photo) to combine (synthesis) the carbon from carbon dioxide with oxygen and hydrogen from water to produce simple sugars, (carbohydrates) from which enzymatic action, other plant food and in torn tissues are formed.

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DefineDefine

Chlorophyll: Green pigment contained in the chloroplast of the plant cell.

Stomata: Tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf.

Cellular Respiration: Sugars made in photosynthesis are broken down into simpler molecules.

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DefineDefine

Cellular Respiration: In the process of breaking the chemical bonds, energy is released. The energy is applied towards growth and development of the plant.

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DefineDefine

Transpiration: The loss of water from the plant through the leaves in the form of water vapor.

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Characteristics of leaves Characteristics of leaves determine type of treedetermine type of tree

1. Leaf Form

2. Leaf Apex

3. Leaf Margin

4. Leaf Base

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Venation PatternVenation Pattern

Arrangement of veins in a leaf.

Veins will differ in various plants.

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Simple LeafSimple Leaf

Consist of:

A single leaf blade and a petiole.

Ex. Sweet Gum

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Compound LeafCompound Leaf

Made of a petiole & two or more leaf blades called leaflets

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Axillary BudAxillary Bud

A bud located at the base of the entire leaf.

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BroadleafBroadleaf

Plants have flattened leaf blades.

Ex. Oak, Holly

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Narrow LeafNarrow Leaf

Plants have awl-like, scale-like, or needle- like leaves.

Ex. Spruce, Cypress, Pine

                   

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DefineDefine

Apical Meristem: Primary growing point of the stem.

Terminal Bud: Contains cells of undeveloped leaf, stem, flower, or mixture of it all.

Bud Scale: Tiny leaf-like structures that cover the bud before it opens.

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DefineDefine

Terminal Bud Scale Scar: Ring-like scars that can be found inches, or up to a few back from the terminal bud.

Axillary or lateral bud: Will produce a new leaf or stem is located along the side of the stem.

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DefineDefine

Node: Point along a stem where leaves or other stems are attached.

Internode: Area between two nodes.Leaf Scars: Left when a leaf drops from a

stem.Lenticel: Tiny pores located on the stem that

allows for gas exchange between the plant &the environment.

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XylemXylem

Have stiff walls that provide structural support for the plant.

Ex. Transports water, minerals from roots to leaves.

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PhloemPhloem

Found through out the plant.

Moves food through the plant.

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PithPith

Stores food and moisture, center portion of the stem.

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CambiumCambium

Cell division takes place.