Plant Classification & Naming Chapter 4 Crops Unit.
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Transcript of Plant Classification & Naming Chapter 4 Crops Unit.
Plant Classification & NamingPlant Classification & Naming
Chapter 4 Crops Unit
Annual PlantAnnual Plant
Annual: Grows for 1 year
1.Germination
2. Growth
3. Flower
4. Dies
Perennial PlantPerennial Plant
Grows:
1 or more cycles
1.Germination
2.Growth
3.Flowering
4.Dormancy
5. Back To Growth
Biennial PlantBiennial Plant
1. Germination season 1
2. Growth
3. Dormancy
Takes 2 growing seasons
Biennial PlantBiennial Plant
Growth season 2
1. Flowering
2. Death
Herbaceous PlantsHerbaceous Plants
Plants have stems that are soft and not woody.
Ex. Herbs, Vines, Turfgrasses
Die back to ground each year.
Woody PlantsWoody Plants
Produce wood & have buds surviving above the ground over winter.
Ex. Trees, shrubs
Deciduous PlantsDeciduous Plants
Leafless during a portion of the year, usually winter.
EvergreensEvergreens
Hold their leaves all during the year.
AnnualsAnnuals
Complete their life cycle in less than a year.
Ex. Petunia, Marigold, Pansy, Broccoli
Biennial PlantBiennial Plant
Complete their life cycle in 2 years.
Ex. Cabbage, Beets, Hollyhock
PerennialsPerennials
Will grow indefinitely from year to year.
Ex. Tree, Shrubs
DicotsDicots
Characterized by 2 cotyledons ( seed leaves) in their seedling stage.
MonocotsMonocots
Characterized by 1 cotyledon in their seedling stage.
Dicot PlantsDicot Plants
Example: Rose
Dicot PlantDicot Plant
Example: Poinsetta
Dicot PlantDicot Plant
Example: Catnip
Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants
Example: Wild Iris
Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants
Example: Timothy Grass
Monocot PlantsMonocot Plants
Example: Spiderwort
DefineDefine
1. Hardiness: Ability of a plant to withstand cold temperatures (adaptation).
2. Tender Plant: More sensitive to temperature extremes.
3. Hardy Plant: Less sensitive to temperature extremes.
DefineDefine
4. Morophology: Deals with a part of a plant form & structure.
5. Botanical Nomenclature: Scientific classification of plants.
6. Cultivar: Cultivated variety that retains its features when reproduced.
DefineDefine
7. Scientific Name: Latin name of the plant written using Roman alphabet which includes ( genus & species name)
8. Botanist: Scientist who studies plants.9. Reproductive Phase: When plant
flowers and produces fruit.
DefineDefine
10. Dormancy: Slow or in active growth of plants.
Plant Life CyclesPlant Life Cycles
1st Vegetative Phase: Begins when a plant seed germinates & grows producing leaves, stems, and roots.
2nd Reproductive Phase: When plant flowers and produces fruit.
3rd Dormancy: Slowed or inactive growth.
ReviewReview
Annuals: Can be broken into 2 groups.
1. Summer Annuals: Petunia, Marigold, Tomatoes
2. Winter Annuals: Broccoli, Spinach, Pansy
ReviewReview
Biennials:
1st season grow vegetatively then dormant
2nd season produce fruit
ReviewReview
Perennials: 2 groups
1st Herbaceous: Strawberries,Asparagus
2nd Woody: Trees, Shrubs, some Vines
Photosynthesis & RespirationPhotosynthesis & Respiration
Chapter 4
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
The green color in leaves (chlorophyll) utilizes the energy of the sun ( photo) to combine (synthesis) the carbon from carbon dioxide with oxygen and hydrogen from water to produce simple sugars, (carbohydrates) from which enzymatic action, other plant food and in torn tissues are formed.
DefineDefine
Chlorophyll: Green pigment contained in the chloroplast of the plant cell.
Stomata: Tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf.
Cellular Respiration: Sugars made in photosynthesis are broken down into simpler molecules.
DefineDefine
Cellular Respiration: In the process of breaking the chemical bonds, energy is released. The energy is applied towards growth and development of the plant.
DefineDefine
Transpiration: The loss of water from the plant through the leaves in the form of water vapor.
Characteristics of leaves Characteristics of leaves determine type of treedetermine type of tree
1. Leaf Form
2. Leaf Apex
3. Leaf Margin
4. Leaf Base
Venation PatternVenation Pattern
Arrangement of veins in a leaf.
Veins will differ in various plants.
Simple LeafSimple Leaf
Consist of:
A single leaf blade and a petiole.
Ex. Sweet Gum
Compound LeafCompound Leaf
Made of a petiole & two or more leaf blades called leaflets
Axillary BudAxillary Bud
A bud located at the base of the entire leaf.
BroadleafBroadleaf
Plants have flattened leaf blades.
Ex. Oak, Holly
Narrow LeafNarrow Leaf
Plants have awl-like, scale-like, or needle- like leaves.
Ex. Spruce, Cypress, Pine
DefineDefine
Apical Meristem: Primary growing point of the stem.
Terminal Bud: Contains cells of undeveloped leaf, stem, flower, or mixture of it all.
Bud Scale: Tiny leaf-like structures that cover the bud before it opens.
DefineDefine
Terminal Bud Scale Scar: Ring-like scars that can be found inches, or up to a few back from the terminal bud.
Axillary or lateral bud: Will produce a new leaf or stem is located along the side of the stem.
DefineDefine
Node: Point along a stem where leaves or other stems are attached.
Internode: Area between two nodes.Leaf Scars: Left when a leaf drops from a
stem.Lenticel: Tiny pores located on the stem that
allows for gas exchange between the plant &the environment.
XylemXylem
Have stiff walls that provide structural support for the plant.
Ex. Transports water, minerals from roots to leaves.
PhloemPhloem
Found through out the plant.
Moves food through the plant.
PithPith
Stores food and moisture, center portion of the stem.
CambiumCambium
Cell division takes place.