Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.
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Transcript of Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.
![Page 1: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Anatomy and Physiology
![Page 2: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Early Plant Ancestors
![Page 3: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
All were Aquatic
![Page 4: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Stipe: Holds plant upright
Rhizoid: Anchors algae
Chloroplast
VacuoleCell Wall
Green Algae Structure
![Page 5: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chloroplast
VacuoleCell Wall
True Roots
Stem
Leaf
![Page 6: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What did plants have to do to make the move to land?
Put down Roots
Algae absorb the water they need from surrounding; rhizoids anchor
Plant roots help them absorb water and nutrients
![Page 7: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What did plants have to do to make the move to land?
Develop a functional stem
Algae absorb what they need from their surroundings; also one cell thick
Plants have a stem which transports glucose and water to the whole plant
![Page 8: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What did plants have to do to make the move to land?
Prevent water loss
Algae live in water; no need to control water; absorb what they need
Plants developed a cuticle (waxy outer layer) to prevent loss
![Page 9: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is the function of Roots?
![Page 10: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is the function of Roots?
• Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
• Structure and support
![Page 11: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Two types of roots: Fibrous
Mainly lateral roots branching from one main point
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Two types of roots: Tap
One main root; lateral roots
extending from the tap root
![Page 13: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What type of root?
Fibrous
![Page 14: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What type of root?
Tap
![Page 15: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What is the function of stems?
![Page 16: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is the function of stems?
• Stems are the main highway for the transport of glucose and water.
• Vascular tissue makes up core of stems.
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Plant tissue: Vascular
• Location: Core of the stem
• Function: Transports glucose and water throughout plants
![Page 18: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Components of Vascular Tissue: Phloem
• “Phloem down below em”
• Glucose is made in the leaves of a plant.
• Phloem transports glucose down throughout the plant.
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Components of Vascular Tissue: Xylem
• “Xylem to the skylem”
• Vascular tissue is used to transport materials throughout the plant.
• Xylem transports water up throughout the plant
![Page 20: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is the function of leaves?
![Page 21: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is the function of leaves?
• Leaves are the site of photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is the process in which plants capture energy from the sun and carbon dioxide to make glucose
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Leaf Structure
Stem
![Page 23: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cuticle
• Waxy outer layer which prevents water from leaving the cell
• Found on the top side of leaves
![Page 24: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stomata
• Found on the underside of leaves
• They are tiny openings that allow water to move in and out the leaf.
![Page 25: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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Plant Tissue: Dermal
• Location: Outer most layer of tissue.
• Function: Prevent water loss and protection
![Page 27: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Leaf Venation:
• Net venation: veins are spread out on the blade in a net. Like the network of veins in our bodies.
• Parallel venation: veins are lined side by side (parallel) on the blade.
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Plant Responses: Phototropism*
• Plants response to light.
• Leaves will bend toward the light to maximum photosynthesis.
![Page 30: Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Early Plant Ancestors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081504/5697bfda1a28abf838cb011a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Gravitropism
• Plants response to gravity
• Positive Gravitropism: Roots grow down
• Negative Gravitropism: Stems grow against gravity
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Thigmotropism
• Plants response to touch
• Life: Plants 4:00