Planning for Community Fire Protection

Planning for Community Fire Protection

Class #3 Chapters 12, 13, 14, and 15

Public Fire Protection and Hazardous Materials

Challenges in dealing with HM have resulted in the promulgation of many laws, regulations and standards.

In the past 25 yrs. 6 major pieces of Federal legislation concerning HM have been enacted.


HM Definitions Hazardous material; any substance or material in

any form or quantity that poses an unreasonable risk to safety and health and property when transported in commerce.

Hazardous substance; any substance designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA as posing a threat to waterways and the environment when released.


Extremely hazardous substance; chemicals determined by the EPA to be extremely hazardous to a community during an emergency spill or release as a result of their toxicities and physical/chemical properties.

Hazardous chemicals; any chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the workplace.


Hazardous waste; discarded materials regulated by EPA because of public health and safety concerns

Marine pollutant; materials that have an adverse impact on marine environment.

Dangerous goods; an internationally used term basically the same meaning as the U.S. definition.


Public HM safety program elements Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and

Recovery Prevention has 4 sub-elements Construction and design standards Inspection and enforcement Public education Handling, notification and reporting Review on pg 208


Federal HM Laws Comprehensive Environmental

Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, (CERCLA); aka “superfund” addresses releases into the environment and cleanup of inactive haz-waste sites. It requires “reportable quantities” spills to be reported to the Nat. Response Ctr.


The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); established a uniform national policy for hazardous and solid waste disposal, four major programs were established under RCRA, solid waste, underground tanks, medical waste, and hazardous waste.

Comprehensive guidelines have been established by the EPA for tracking these materials.


The Clean Air Act (CAA); established requirements for airborne emissions and the protection of the environment.

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA); has the greatest impact on HM planning

and response operations Review pg 210 & 211 & 212


Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); this act makes the EPA the central implementation arm of the federal government

Federal Water Pollution Control Act; mandates EPA and the Coast Guard to regulate HM that threaten waterways


HM regulations Sometimes called “rules” are created by

the Feds or state agencies as a method of providing guidelines for compliance with the law enacted by legislation.

Federal Regulations Hazardous Waste Operations and

Emergency Response 29CFR 1910.120 aka HAZWOPER

Review pg 214


1910.120 set levels of competency and training. Awareness Operations Technician Specialist Incident Command pg 216


29CFR 1910.12200 Hazard Communication Standard Table 12.1 pg 217

State Regulations Three key players; state fire marshal,

OSHA (IDOL), state EPA Voluntary Standards

NFPA has 60 standards relating to HM

Managing Hazardous Materials Response

The effective management of HM requires Prevention, Preparedness, Response,

Recovery Four duties required

Analyze the problem Plan a response Implement the planned response Evaluate and adjust accordingly


Hazard classes and divisions 1 explosives 2 gasses 3 flammable liquids 4 flammable solids 5 oxidizers 6 poisons 7 radioactive 8 corrosives 9 Miscellaneous HM ORM Other Regulated Materials


Analysis of the HM problem Detection Initiate command and control Survey (size-up) Collect & interpret information Assess damage to containment system Predict HM & container behavior Estimate potential outcomes


Planning the Response process Determine objectives Determine response options Identify PPE options Identify appropriate decon options Select a response option Develop a safety plan All these are contingent on resources

and funding.


Developing a Plan of Action Site description Entry objectives Scene organization & coordination On scene control Hazard evaluation PPE On scene work assignments Communication procedures Decon procedures Health and safety considerations


Evaluation and adjustment Personnel PPE Control zones Decon Action options

Termination Debriefing, post incident analysis,

critique

Organizing Special Rescue

First consideration safety because these incidents are unusual (unfamiliar territory) in the hazards and circumstances they present and require a lot of specialized training and equipment.

Good motto to consider “don’t become a victim”

Organizing Special Rescue NFPA standards

1670 Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Rescue

Establishes level of operational capability Doesn’t address individual qualifications Four disciplines are identified

Structural collapse, Rope rescue, Confined space, Vehicle/machinery rescue, Water rescue, Wilderness search & rescue, and Trench rescue


1670 levels of capability Awareness; recognize and avoid hazard,

isolate area and call for help Operations; able to perform rescue of

viable victims Technician; highest level of technical

ability

All within a particular discipline


NFPA 1006 Standard for Rescue Technical Professional Qualifications Assures proficiency of individual rescue

team members (includes all aspects of technical KSAs such as equipment inspection and maintenance, victim management/treatment, rope rigging etc.)

Organizing Special Rescue Other specialize rescue not addressed

in NFPA standards Urban search and rescue HM rescue High rise rescue Helicopter rescue Tunnel rescue Heavy rescue air rail maritime Large scale disaster rescue

Organizing Special Rescue Community resource planning (CRP)

should include; Equipment, Supplies, Services, Technical

support, Contractors, Consultants such as engineering and architects, Others

CRP Agreements are appropriate agreements that clearly define the scope and conditions for the provision of services, equipment and supplies.


Conceptualization & Planning Process Ten parameters 1. what type of specialized team(s)

are needed? 2. what risks present themselves in

our jurisdiction? (and close by) 3. what level of expertise do we

currently have?


4. how can capability be enhanced? Short, intermediate, long term

5. what level of capability can the plan achieve?

6. how can services best be achieved? Interdepartmental, locally, and regionally


7. level of interest staff & personnel Interest, Motivation, Dedication Availability of staffing requirements Previous levels of training Experience FD and other Education background Time commitment requirements Personal risk factors

dedicationdedication


8. financial considerations Short, intermediate and long term (can funding be sustained?)

9. what regulations and standards must be complied with?

10. what is the time commitment for organization, development, and implementation (and sustaining)

Building Construction

FD functions relating to construction Plan review and approval Performing regular inspections Pre-fire planning Acquiring building and general

construction knowledge


Simplified building principles Construction is designed to resist gravity

and other environmental sources of stress, snow, rain wind etc.

Supporting system has many different elements that transfer loads

Exposure to fire is not normal some designs protect structural elements

Contents usually drive fire severity


Gravity and collapse In evaluating collapse hazards the entire

path of the loads carried to the ground must be considered (we look for weak points in that pathway)

When the IC determines that the structure is involved in fire an announcement should be made so all are aware to look for signs of failure


FD should have SOPs for evacuation When and how

Failure on the part of command officers to understand principles of construction and their repercussions can get someone killed


Building reaction to fire see pg 267

Building contents SFPE warns “A high rate of fire

development can create a condition that may tax or overpower traditional fire defenses. Defenses of the past have not been designed to anticipate this hazard.”


Types of building construction Type I to Type V page 268

Areas of concern in buildings Alarms and staff training Pre-fire plan Auto sprinkler Water supply

Building Construction Compartmentation Structural integrity Flame and smoke spread Construction in occupied buildings Lightweight construction Vacant or abandoned buildings Added roofs and concealed spaces Large unusual buildings

Planning for Community Fire Protection

Documents

Transcript of Planning for Community Fire Protection