23

Planning for a picnic

William’s class is going to hold a picnic. William suggests havinga barbecue at Lau Shui Heung Reservoir (Figure 4.1).

11111 During the discussion, William’s classmates ask thequestions below. Try to answer them.

(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) How many barbecue sites are there around thereservoir?

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) Are there any shelters? Where are they?

22222 Without the key, can you answer Question 1? What isthe function of the key?

Countryside series Northeast New Territories 1:25 000

Figure 4.1 Location of Lau Shui Heung Reservoir and Hok Tau Reservoir

33333 Some classmates suggest walking to Hok Tau Reservoirafter the barbecue. In which direction should thestudents walk? How do you find the answer?

90

08 09 10 11

KEY

Country park management centre

Barbecue site

Information board

Pavilion Public toilet

23

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Part one

What are conventional signs and keys?What are conventional signs and keys?

Write down what you think the meaning of the symbols in Figure 4.2 is.

Figure 4.3 Some conventional signs of 1:20 000 maps

You may have seen the above symbols on maps or in your daily life. They represent differentobjects such as roads and buildings on a map. These symbols are called conventional signs,and are explained in the key (or legend) of a map. Maps of different scales and of differentpurposes have their own signs. Figure 4.3 shows the meanings of some conventional signsof 1:20 000 maps.

Figure 4.2 Symbols

Have you ever seen these symbols?Activity

24

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25

Chapter 4

William has taken six photographs around Fanling. Draw lines to join them to the correctconventional signs on the map (Figure 4.4).

Sheet No. 3 1:20 000

Figure 4.4 A map of Fanling

91

90

05 06

How are these objects shown on a map?Activity

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Part one

Direction on maps

In which direction does Williamgo from Fanling to his schoolin Sheung Shui?

Direction on maps

Every object faces a particular direction. It is necessary toknow the direction when we go from one place to another.Direction is important in our daily life.

There are three ways to show a direction.

• Whole circle (angular) bearing

Very often, an object may not fall directly in-line-with anyof the compass points. We then show its direction in degreesof a circle. A circle has 360 degrees. Direction is measuredclockwise starting from the north. For example, 0° = 360° =N, 45° = NE, 90° = E, 135° = SE, etc (Figure 4.6).

• Reduced bearing

A circle is divided into four sections, and each has 90°. Westart from the north or the south towards the east or thewest, for example, N45°E = NE (compass points) = 45° (wholecircle bearing), S45°E = SE = 135°, etc (Figure 4.7).

• Compass points

There are four basic directions: East (E), South (S), West(W) and North (N). The points half way between them areNortheast (NE), Northwest (NW), Southeast (SE), andSouthwest (SW). Further division makes 16 compass points(Figure 4.5).

Think about

Figure 4.5 The 16 compass points

Figure 4.6 Whole circle (angular) bearing

Figure 4.7 Reduced bearing

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27

Chapter 4

Measuring the bearing of one object from another

Skills

Step 1Step 1Step 1Step 1Step 1

Draw a straight line to join Beijing andDelhi.

The following steps show how to measure whole circle bearing and reduced bearing of Delhifrom Beijing.

Step 2Step 2Step 2Step 2Step 2

Draw a right-angle cross over Beijing. Makesure that the north point is in the samedirection as the north sign of the map.

Step 3Step 3Step 3Step 3Step 3

Use a protractor to measure theangle between the north and the line. Thewhole circle bearing of Delhi from Beijingis 180° � 74° = 254°.

Step 4Step 4Step 4Step 4Step 4

To measure the reduced bearing of Delhifrom Beijing, we start from the southtowards the west. It is S74°W.

27

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Part one

Refer to Figure 4.8 and complete Figure 4.9 below.

Figure 4.8 Location of the neighboring countries and the cities of China

Figure 4.9

From Lanzhou Jakarta Taibei Chongqing Singapore

to Bangkok Seoul Urumqi Manila Tokyo

Compass point

Whole circle bearing

Reduced bearing

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Chapter 4

Using map reading skills to plan a routeUsing map reading skills to plan a route

Town / urban map (Sha Tin & Ma On Shan) 1:8 000Figure 4.10 A map of Sha Tin

William and some schoolmates have to go to Sha Tin Sports Ground to join an Inter-schoolSports Competition. The P.E. teacher asks William to make a poster showing the routefrom Sha Tin Station to the sports ground with a map and some descriptions.

11111 Fill in the blanks of the description.22222 Draw the route on the map (Figure 4.10).

Planning a routeActivity

The Route to Sha Tin Sports GroundThe Route to Sha Tin Sports GroundThe Route to Sha Tin Sports GroundThe Route to Sha Tin Sports GroundThe Route to Sha Tin Sports Ground

A large plaza is located to the (SW / SE / NW / NE) of Sha Tin

Station. After passing through it, there is Street. Go

(SW / NE), and pass through two until

reaching Street. Here, go (SE / NW), and

then turn (NE / SW) at Road. The sports

ground is about m to your (left / right).

29

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Part one

The previous activity shows that map reading skills are useful in our daily life. They help usplan a route to an unfamiliar place. We calculate the actual walking distance with a scale. Wecan also figure out which direction to go. Conventional signs tell us what objects we wouldsee on the route.

Sheet No. 3-SW-B 1:5 000

Tan

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Hok Tau Road Figure 4.11 Amap of Hok Tau,Fanling

In order to give students an opportunity to practise their map reading skills in a realsetting, William’s geography teacher plans a field work in Hok Tau, Fanling.

Each student gets a 1:5 000 map of the area (Figure 4.11) to do the field work.Students have to complete the worksheet on the next page during the trip.

Field work

Testing your map reading skills

KEYHok TauCountry Trail

11

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Chapter 4

Key wordsconventional sign (�� !) whole circle (angular) bearing (�� )

key (or legend) (�� ) reduced bearing (�� )

compass point (�� ! )

Key points1 Conventional signs represent different objects on a map.

2 Every object faces a particular direction. It is possible to find the direction of one objectfrom the others on a map.

3 We can show directions with:

(a) compass points,

(b) whole circle (angular) bearing, and

(c) reduced bearing.

4 With the help of map reading skills, we can plan a route to an unfamiliar place.

WorksheetWorksheetWorksheetWorksheetWorksheet11111 General

_____(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) At the entrance of Hok Tau Country trail, there is a / an .

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) The entrance is facing the direction .

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) The whole trail is m long.

22222 For each student(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) Find the following objects and mark their locations on the map.

(i)(i)(i)(i)(i) The entrance of the trail(ii)(ii)(ii)(ii)(ii) The lookout with a view compass(iii)(iii)(iii)(iii)(iii) An information board between the entrance and the lookout

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) What are the grid references of the objects in 2(a)?

(i)(i)(i)(i)(i) (ii)(ii)(ii)(ii)(ii) (iii)(iii)(iii)(iii)(iii)

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) View from the lookout.(i)(i)(i)(i)(i) Name the river to the east. (ii)(ii)(ii)(ii)(ii) Name the road to the south. (iii)(iii)(iii)(iii)(iii) With the help of a compass, find the compass point of the following objects

from the lookout:

the entrance:

the Country Park Management Centre:

31

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