PLANNING CYCLE

Dr J. R. BandiDr Amrut Swami

•Planning is a process of identifying a course of action systematically in an organized manner to achieve objectives by utilizing the available resources skilfully in a cost effective way.•Purpose- 1) To match the limited resources with many problems 2) Eliminate unnecessary expenditure 3) Develop best course of action

•Major three steps are-1) Formulation2) Execution3) Evaluation Implement

Feedback

Initiate

•National development planning :Continuous, systematic, coordinated planning for

the investment of the resources (MMM) of a country in programmes aimed at achieving the most rapid economic and social development possible.Sectoral plans-Agriculture, Education, Health & Family Planning, Industry, Transport & Communication, Housing, Power , Social Welfare etc…

Planning Commission NITI Ayog.

• Do not think of planning as a straight-through process.

Planning

Analysis Design Construct Implement Feedback

1) Health Needs And Demands• Deficiencies in health that call for preventive, curative, control

or eradication measures.• Experts - Health needs• People - Demands.

2) ResourcesMMM

3) Objectives, Targets & Goals

1) PlanObjectives, Policies, Programs, Schedules & Budget.

2) ProgrammeImplement Policies & Accomplish Objectives.

3) ScheduleTime sequence for work to be done

Preplanning

• Government Interest• Legislation• Organization for planning ( P.C. - NITI Ayog)• Administrative Capacity – Coordination & Implementation

Planning cycleAnalysis of

health situation

Objectives and goals

Assessment of resources

priorities

Formulate plan

Programming and implementation

Monitoring

Evaluation

•Planning Cycle -1) Analysis of the health situation2) Establishment of objectives & goals3) Assessment of resources4) Fixing priorities5) Write up of formulated plan6) Programming and implementation7) Monitoring8) evaluation

15

1. Analysis of the health situationa) Population statisticsb) Statistics of morbidity and mortalityc) Manpower (HR)d) Existing medical care facilities e) Geographical distribution and epidemiologyf) Training facilities available g) Attitudes and beliefs

16

2. Establishment of objectives and goalsa) Should be established at all levelsb) It should be set by a person having authority. c) The goal should be realistic. d) It should be specific. e) Acceptability f) Easily measurable

17

3. Assessment of resourcesa) Manpowerb) Moneyc) Materials d) Skills and knowledgee) Technical needs

4) Fixing prioritiesDisease/ situational categorization in three points

1) Importance of disease (based on mortality, morbidity, suffering, cost of treatment and loss of productivity):

3 marks if high importance, 2 if moderate, 1 if low importance.2) Effectiveness of Interventions:

3 marks if interventions known to be very effective, 2 if moderately effective, 1 if low or non effective3) Cost of interventions:

3 marks if cost is low, 2 if moderate cost and 1 if cost is high (Intervention could be a treatment or preventive modality). • Also political & community interests and pressures.

5. Write formulated plansa) Must be complete in all respect to execute the project

b) Detailed detecting input and output

c) Contained working guidance for execution

d) Evaluation should be built in

6. Programming and implantationa) Assign and fix responsibilitiesb) Define roles and tasksc) Selection, training, motivation and supervisiond) Organization and communicatione) Efficiency of health institutions

7. Monitoring • Continuous process of observing, recording and reporting on

the activities of the organization or project• Keeping track of activities• Identifying deviations- taking correct actions.

8. Evaluation •Measures the degree to which objectives and

targets are fulfilled and the quality of results obtained •Monitoring- day to day / ongoing operations• Evaluation- Final outcome & factors associated.• Output achieved• Reallocation of priorities with changing health

needs.