Plankton Net. Fnft Fnft: The evolutionary relationships of the major groups of marine organisms.
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Transcript of Plankton Net. Fnft Fnft: The evolutionary relationships of the major groups of marine organisms.
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PlanktonNet
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Fnft
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Fnft: The evolutionary relationships of the major groups of marine organisms
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SizeDistribution
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Fnft: Relative sizes of phytoplankton groups
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Fnft: Food pyramid that leads to an adult herring
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• PHYTOPLANKTON
“plant plankton”
Photosynthetic
The very base of the food chain…
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Fnft: A micrograph of pelagic diatoms
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Diatom
(chain) diatom
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Fnft: The size difference between a typical centric diatom and a coccolithophore cell
© Steve Gschmeissner/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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Fnft: SEM of Thalassiosira
© Dee Breger/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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Fnft: SEM of entire Asteromphalus heptacles
Courtesy of Dr. José Luis Iriarte M., Universidad Austral de Chile
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Fnft: Mixed sample of spinous and chain-forming diatoms, Diatoma vulgare
© blickwinkel/Alamy Images
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Figure 3.11: Cells in a chain of Stephanopyxis
Courtesy of Kohki Itoh
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Fnft: centric diatom from saltwater
© Phototake/Alamy Images
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Fnft: A dinoflagellate
© Phototake/Alamy Images
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Dinoflagellates
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• Ceratium• A Dinoflaggelate• “Phytoplankton”
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Fnft: SEM of Gonyaulax polygramma
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Fnft: SEM of Dinophysis rapa
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Figure 3.16c: SEM of Gonyaulax
© CSIRO Marine Research
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Fnft: SEM of Ceratochoris horrida
© CSIRO Marine Research
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Why do phytoplankton matter to global change?
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• ZOOPLANKTON
“animal plankton”
NOT Photosynthetic – but “herbivores” and “carnivores” instead
They FEED ON the very base of the food chain (phytoplankton)…but how?
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• 2 types of ZOOPLANKTON
HOLOPLANKTON
Spend entire lives as plankton
Copepod, for example
MEROPLANKTON
Only part of their lives as plankton
crabs & many fish, for example
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Copepod, holoplankton
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• …a “survey” of zooplankton
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salp
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Larvacean:(Sea
Squirt)Filter
Feeder
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Feeding on Dispersed Prey
The appendicularian Oikopleura, within its mucous bubble.• Arrows indicate path of water flow.
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(mollusk)
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Inhabitants of the Pelagic Division
Some large gelatinous
zooplankton: (a) A pelagic
mollusk, Corolla.
© David Wrobel/Visuals Unlimited
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(sea star)
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Polychaete worms &some mollusks
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(crustacean)
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Meroplankton
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Inhabitants of the Pelagic Division
• Some large gelatinous zooplankton: (b) A ctenophore, Bolinopsis, swimming with eight rows
of ciliated combs.
Courtesy of OAR/National Undersea Research Program/NOAA
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They aren’t always “small!”
Some large gelatinous zooplankton: (c) A colony of salps (Pegea) cloned from a single parent.
© Eric Prine/age fotostock
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The “ultimate” symbiosis: sea slug w/ jellyfish
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Not all plankton are small
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Water spider
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The cycle from a larva stage to the upcoming of adult hood.
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Vertical Migration:Tying the Upper Zones Together
A midwater siphonophore with a small, gas-filled pneumatophore at the upper end.
Courtesy of Dr. Alice Alldredge, University of California, Santa Barbara
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Badplankton
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Fnft: Phytoplankton bloom along the California coast
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Food Chain impacts
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Table 15.01