Planetary-Scale Mountain Waves Planetary-scale waves are observed that remain fixed with respect to...
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Transcript of Planetary-Scale Mountain Waves Planetary-scale waves are observed that remain fixed with respect to...
![Page 1: Planetary-Scale Mountain Waves Planetary-scale waves are observed that remain fixed with respect to the earth’s surface: Possible causes are geographic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649d495503460f94a25b96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Planetary-Scale Mountain Waves
• Planetary-scale waves are observed that remain fixed with respect to the earth’s surface:
• Possible causes are geographic distribution of:– Mountains (Charney and Eliassen 1949)
– Land/sea differences and inequitable distribution of sensible and latent heating (Smagorinsky 1953)
• After 30 years of debate, answer settled that both are important, but mountains perhaps a little more so
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500 mb Height
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Sea Level Pressure
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Gross-simplification of planetary-scale stationary waves
Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau
Rockies
Upper-tropospheric flow
Kur
oshi
o
Gul
f S
trea
m
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Ertel’s Potential Vorticity
• P = ( + f ) / p
• Potential vorticity conserved for adiabatic, large-scale motion
Mountain
p p
E
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Conservation of Potential Vorticity
Mou
ntai
n
•P = ( + f ) / p
anticyclonic; clockwise
cyclonic; counterclockwise
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700 mb Height (Stone 2001)
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700 mb Vorticity (Stone 2001)
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Held
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Held
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Manabe and Terpstra (1974)Observed
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Manabe and Terpstra (1974)With Mountains
Observed
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Manabe and Terpstra (1974)Without Mountains
Observed
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200 mb Height (Stone 2001)