Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA
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Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA
Raphaël Moreno
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon
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Planetary atmosphere science
• Composition : Vertical distribution of species
Search for new species• Thermal structure: P(T)• Dynamics : winds • 3D mapping and monitoring: seasonal variations
Constraints on the origin and evolution of planets and the formation of the solar system
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Observations with ALMA
HIGHLY IMPROVED
•Spatial resolution : Mapping of species
•Sensitivity : Search for new species
•Bandwidth : Large tropospheric lines
•Spectral resolution : Narrow stratospheric lines
Line profile / Winds
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Mapping Planets with ALMA
Apparent diameter:
Planets : 2-60 “
Satellites & Pluto : 0.1-1”
ALMA spatial resolution : 0.1-0.01 “
0.01 “ (3-300 km @ 0.4-40 AU)
biggest planets limited to low frequency
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Planetary and satellites atmospheres (DRSP theme: 4.1 )
•Dynamic of Mars and Venus atmosphere
•3D water cycle of Mars
•Chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and Venus
•Composition and dynamic of giant planet stratosphere
•Search for broad line in the troposphere of the giant planets
•Chemical-dynamical coupling in Titan’s atmosphere
•Volcanism in Io
•The atmosphere of Triton, Pluto and other TNO objects
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Mars - WindCO Doppler lineshift (mm):
Strong retrograde wind
GCM: prograde winds
ALMA:
3D-maps of winds and P(T)
Constrains on the dynamic and thermal structure
IRAM PdB Moreno 1999
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Mars – water cycle
OVRO HDO 226 GHz (Gurwell)
mm observations of HDO :
Probe H2O near the surface
ALMA:
3D- field of water
H2O gas/ice interaction at different seasons
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Mars – Photochemistry
JCMT – Clancy etal 2004
H2O2 recently detected mm/IR
ALMA:
•3D-maps of H2O2
•Search for new species :
HO2, H2CO, NO
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VENUS
Atm. : CO2,N2+ traces of H2O, S-bearing species
mm/submm: CO and isotopes,
winds, HDO
ALMA:
•Search for : HCL, H2S, SO2
•3D-maps of CO, HDO
Dynamics and thermal structure
H2O spatial distribution
Photochemistry
CO(2-1) Bulh etal 91
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Giant planets – Troposphere
JCMT – Weisstein etal 96
Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3(J,S), PH3(J,S)
mm/submm : PH3(J+S), CO(N)
ALMA:
•Search for new species :
PH3 (U,N), CO(U), isotopes
•3D-Maps PH3, CO, P(T)
Planets formation and evolution
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Giant Planets - Stratosphere
Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O
mm/submm: CO(J,N), HCN(J,N)
CS(J), H2O
ALMA:• 3D-maps of CO, HCN • Search for CO(U), HCN(U),
HDO, Isotopes
Origin of external water JCMT- Marten etal 04
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Titan Dense and cold : N2/CH4
mm/submm : CO and HCN
isotopes, HC3N, CH3CN, winds
ALMA:
•Search for more complex species
•3D-Maps of nitriles
Dynamics/photochemistry coupling
Complement observations to CASSINI
IRAM-PdB Moreno 03
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Io
IRAM-30m Lellouch 03
Tenuous SO2 atmosphere
mm/submm: SO, SO2 and NaCl
ALMA:
•Search for new species (OCS, S2O, KCL)
•3D-Maps detected species
Atmosphere origin : Volcanism/sublimation
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Pluton-Triton
Pluton-Charon
HST- separation 0.9”
Tenuous N2 atmosphere
mm/submm: CO upper limits
ALMA:
Search for CO
Atmospheric Temperature