PLANET EARTH pp.729-737 Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Chapter 21, Section 1.
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Transcript of PLANET EARTH pp.729-737 Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Chapter 21, Section 1.
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PLANET EARTHpp.729-737
Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
Chapter 21, Section 1
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The Earth is made of multiple layers:
CRUST• topmost layer of
solid and cool rock
the “plates”
Earth’s Interior- pages 729-730
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TWO TYPES OF CRUSTOCEANIC CONTINENTAL
HOW ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CRUST DIFFERENT?
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OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST
~12-25 mi. thick-most thick beneath mountains-less dense (granite) than oceanic crust
~ 4-7 mi. thick-dense (basalt) *sinks under continental crust
Nye & Earth’s Crust Vogue Song
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Thickness of the crust in KILOMETERS
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2. ___________MANTLE• located below the crust (more _______)DENSE• ______ of
earth’s total volume
80 %
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-top (outer) part of the mantle and crust= __________________ (rigid and cool)
ASTHENOSPHERE =“SOFT”
LITHOSPHERE
ASTHENOSPHERE-bottom (inner) part of the mantle = _______________________ (hot, soft, and easily deformed- like chewing gum)
LITHOSPHERE = SOLID
MANTLE
CRUST
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3. CORE • mostly made of _________________• very hot
2 layers:1) OUTER CORE
2)INNER CORE
iron and nickel
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b. Inner core (________ metal)- very high ____________ so atoms are forced together despite the ______.
SOLIDPRESSURE
HEAT
a. Outer core (________ metal)- even though it’s above the boiling point they do not boil due to high pressure (no gases)
LIQUID
Layers of the Earth (NASA)
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S waves: can’t travel
through core (outer/liquid)
transverse & can’t travel
through liquid
P waves:can travel
through core but deflected
change in type of matter
Evidence of Earth’s Internal Structure
Layers of Earth Mr Lee
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PLATE TECTONICS
*Early 1900s- German scientist =
_________________Continental Drift Song
What observations intrigued Wegener?
Alfred Wegener
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• Wegener hypothesized that all of the continents fit together in the past to form ____________ (Greek: _____________ )PANGAEA “ALL LANDS”
PERMIAN 225 million years ago
PRESENT DAY650 million years in under 2 minutes
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What evidence exists to support the theory of plate tectonics and
continental drift?How do we know this?
Pangaea’s Moving Farther Apart Song
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– the same kinds of animals/plants once lived on continents that are now oceans apart.
1. ________FOSSILS
Glossopteris fernLystrosaurus land reptile
Mesosaurus FW reptile
Cynognathus land reptile
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2. ________________________________ AGE OF ROCKS (ON OCEAN FLOOR)•Rocks are __________ near the center of the Atlantic Ocean.
YOUNGER
• As distance from the center increases, the rocks are _______.OLDER
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3. ______________________________MAGNETISM (discovered mid 1960s)
Magnetic Reversals Explained
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Seafloor Animation
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• bands of rock on the ocean floor have alternating magnetic polarities
3. Magnetism – (discovered mid 1960s)
• magnetic patterns (formed when rocks cooled) are symmetrical (same) on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Continents are on the tectonic plates and move with the plates.
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*Convection currents within the Earth= (hot rock rises…cooler rock falls) moves the plates. • Convection Curr
ents Explained• Convection & Pl
ate Movement
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Plate Boundaries (pages 734-737)* Classified how to plates move in relation to each other
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_________________ boundary:DIVERGENT
• Occurs where two tectonic plates move apart and create a gap.
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• Forms mid-ocean ridge (from rising magma). Hot rock from the asthenosphere rises up and cools to form new igneous rock. Divergent boundary
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a. MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
Examples of Divergent Boundaries
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* ICELAND is right ON the mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Examples of Divergent Boundaries
b. RED SEA (E. Africa)
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How is the Red Sea forming?
Look at diagrams and then describe in your own words…
Crust in Pieces Song
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_____________________ boundary:CONVERGENT
• Occurs where two plates push together
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3 different situations for convergent boundaries…
a. b.
c.
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a. Oceanic – Continental - Oceanic plate is more _______ and sinks below the continental plate. This is called _______________.
DENSESUBDUCTION
DENSER
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SUBDUCTION FORMS:TRENCHES
Mountains / Volcanoes
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EXAMPLES OF OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
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1. CASCADE RANGE (Northwestern US)
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EXAMPLES OF OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
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2. ANDES MOUNTAINS- W. coast of S. America.
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b. Oceanic – Oceanic – ________ and more ________ plate sinks below the other. DENSE
OLDER
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EXAMPLES OF OCEANIC-OCEANIC CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
1. Aleutian Islands, Alaska
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EXAMPLES OF OCEANIC-OCEANIC CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
2. Japan
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c. Continental – Continental –________ and more ________ plate sinks below
the other. OLDER DENSE
Cont-Cont Animation
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EXAMPLES OF CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
HIMILAYAN MOUNTAINS (like MT EVEREST and K2)
The 10 highest mountains in the world are found here
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* Convergent Boundaries create ____________ and ________________, especially around the _________ Ocean in the _______________.
EARTHQUAKESVOLCANOES
PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE”
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What is special about Hawaii?
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Hot Spot Animation
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3. ___________________ boundary:
Fault = a break in a body of rock. One block slides relative to the other (lots of friction) FAULT
TRANSFORM• Occurs where two plates slide past each other horizontally- along a fault
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TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARYWhat do you see? How did this happen?
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EXAMPLE OF A TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY
San Andreas Fault- California/Mexico
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TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY- visuals…
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Divergent Convergent TransformContinental crust rift valley
Oceanic crust mid-ocean ridge
Cont/Cont. plates mountain range
Plates move against each other.
Stress builds up…
Stress is released earthquake!
Oceanic/Oceanic orOceanic/Continental
subduction
A Review of Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Video