PLAN601E SESSION 2 LESSON
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Transcript of PLAN601E SESSION 2 LESSON
The Detroit Collaborative Design Center invited students at Harvard’s Graduate School
of Design (where I was cross-registered) to produce a set of maps for a forthcoming
publication aimed at visualizing undderrecognized geographic patterns in the city’s built
form, history, culture and politics. The publication is to be inexpensively produced
and distributed freely to city residents in an effort to counter an overabundance of
discouraging and incomplete data on population and income loss. My approach began
with Harvard’s 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, a general conclusion
of which was that measures of social capital decreased nationwide with reported income.
Knowing anecdotally that, in the absence of traditional civic structure, many Detroiters
for the Survey’s Detroit sample. Using GIS, I mapped respondents’ group memberships
by reported income and further disaggregated responses to reveal uneven correlations
between the two variables. I produced a series of illustrative diagrams to convey the
differences between responses both quantatitively and qualitatively.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OFGRAPHIC DESIGNPLAN601E VERBAL AND VISUAL: INFORMATION GRAPHICS (SESSION 2)
basic principlesof graphic designPLAN601E VErbAL ANd VisuAL: iNformAtioN GrAPhics (sEssioN 2)
ACTIVITY ICONS, WATER CONNECTIONS, GREEN CONNECTIONS, TRANSIT STATIONS, TREES, BUILDINGS, PAVEMENT EDGES, WATER
EAST RIVER ESPLANADE PLAN NYC ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION / SHOP ARCHITECTS
LAYERS help you think about what information you want to communicate and what graphic elements you need.
ActiVitY icoNs, WAtEr coNNEctioNs, GrEEN coNNEctioNs, trANsit stAtioNs, trEEs, buiLdiNGs, PAVEmENt EdGEs, WAtEr
east river esplanade plan
laYers help you think about what information you want to communicate and what graphic elements you need.
JOURNALISTS USE THE MODEL OF AN “INVERTED PYRAMID” TO ORGANIZE INFORMATION IN NEWS STORIES.
THE INVERTED PYRAMID
HIERARCHY provides a route for the eye to follow and assigns an order of importance to each graphic element.
JourNALists usE thE modEL of AN “iNVErtEd PYrAmid” to orGANiZE iNformAtioN iN NEWs storiEs.
the inverted pYramid
hierarchY provides a route for the eye to follow and assigns an order of importance to each graphic element.
foNt siZE
Very importantimportant
Less important
Least important
coLor huE LiNE WEiGht
visUal hierarchY
thErE ArE mANY GrAPhic ELEmENts thAt crEAtE VisuAL hiErArchY.
hierarchY provides a route for the eye to follow and assigns an order of importance to each graphic element.
WHERE DOES YOUR EYE GO FIRST?
WHERE DOES IT GO FROM THERE?
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE LAST?
WHAT GRAPHIC ELEMENTS CREATE VISUAL HIERARCHY?
DOES THE HIERARCHY COMMUNITY A CLEAR IDEA?
HIERARCHY provides a route for the eye to follow and assigns an order of importance to each graphic element.
FUTURE OF GREENWICH STREET SOUTH, DOWNTOWN ALLIANCE / ARO
Where does your eye go first?
Where does it go from there?
What do you notice last?
What graphic elements create visual hierarchy?
does the hierarchy communicate a clear idea?
hierarchY provides a route for the eye to follow and assigns an order of importance to each graphic element.
fUtUre of greenwich street soUth, downtown alliance / aro
EQUIDISTANT COLORS
ADJACENT COLORS
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
MONOCHROMATIC COLORS
COLOR helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
THE COLOR WHEEL
THERE ARE DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO SELECTING A COLOR PALETTE.
EQuidistANt coLors
AdJAcENt coLors
comPLEmENtArY coLors
moNochromAtic coLors
color helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
the color wheel
thErE ArE diffErENt APProAchEs to sELEctiNG A coLor PALEttE.
COLOR helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
“MILLION DOLLAR BLOCKS”, SPATIAL INFORMATION DESIGN LAB
MONOCHROMATIC BACKGROUND WITH HIGHLIGHT COLOR EMPHASIZING A SINGLE ELEMENT.
color helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
“million dollar blocks”, spatial information design lab
moNochromAtic bAcKGrouNd With hiGhLiGht coLor EmPhAsiZiNG A siNGLE ELEmENt.
COLOR helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
PLANYC 2030, MAYOR’S OFFICE OF LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY / TWO TWELVE
EQUIDISTANT COLORS LEAD YOUR EYE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT.
color helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
planYc 2030, maYor’s office of long-term sUstainabilitY / two twelve
EQuidistANt coLors LEAd Your EYE from LEft to riGht.
COLOR helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
NYU PLANS 2031, NYU OFFICE OF STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT, PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT / 2 X 4
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS EMPHASIZE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO ELEMENTS.
color helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
nYU plans 2031, nYU office of strategic assessment,
comPLEmENtArY coLors EmPhAsiZE A diffErENcE bEtWEEN tWo ELEmENts.
COLOR helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
PLANYC 2030, MAYOR’S OFFICE OF LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY / TWO TWELVE
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS MAKE SOME ELEMENTS “POP” MORE THAN OTHERS.
color helps to create hierarchy by emphasizing graphic elements and associating elements with information.
planYc 2030, maYor’s office of long-term sUstainabilitY / two twelve
comPLEmENtArY coLors mAKE somE ELEmENts “PoP” morE thAN othErs.
PANTONE helps to choose a palette of colors that work together and makes printing more predictable.
CHOOSE COLORS FROM PANTONE SOLID UNCOATED – AVOID RANDOMLY SELECTING COLORS WITH THE COLOR PICKER.
COLOR PICKING
pantone helps to choose a palette of colors that work together and makes printing more predictable.
choosE coLors from PANtoNE soLid uNcoAtEd – AVoid rANdomLY sELEctiNG coLors With thE coLor PicKEr.
color picking
SCALE helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
SCALE
scale helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
scale
SCALE helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
“MAPPING ISTANBUL,” PROJECT PROJECTS
SCALE CAN LEAD YOUR EYE ACROSS THE IMAGE AND HELP TO MAKE COMPARISONS.
scale helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
“mapping istanbUl,” project projects
scALE cAN LEAd Your EYE Across thE imAGE ANd hELP to mAKE comPArisoNs.
SCALE helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
NYU PLANS 2031, NYU OFFICE OF STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT, PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT / 2 X 4
SCALING FONTS DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE MOST IMPORTANT NUMBER.
scale helps to create hierarchy using size to distinguish one element from its surroundings.
nYU plans 2031, nYU office of strategic assessment, planning, and development / 2 x 4
scALiNG foNts drAWs AttENtioN to thE most imPortANt NumbEr.
REPETITION holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
HOLDING BACKGROUND ELEMENTS CONSTANT IS A GOOD WAY TO SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME.
EAST RIVER ESPLANADE PLAN NYC ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION / SHOP ARCHITECTS
repetition holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
hoLdiNG bAcKGrouNd ELEmENts coNstANt is A Good WAY to shoW chANGE oVEr timE.
east river esplanade plan nYc economic development corporation / shop architects
REPETITION holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
REPETITION CAN BE USED TO MAKE COMPARISONS – EDWARD TUFTE CALLS THESE “SMALL MULTIPLES”.
“PUBLIC HOUSING: A NEW CONVERSATION”, BUELL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE, MTWTF
repetition holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
rEPEtitioN cAN bE usEd to mAKE comPArisoNs – EdWArd tuftE cALLs thEsE “smALL muLtiPLEs”.
“pUblic hoUsing: a new conversation”, bUell center for the stUdY of the american landscape, mtwtf
REPETITION holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
IT DOESN’T HAVE TO TAKE MUCH REPETITION TO COMMUNICATE A COMPELLING IDEA...
SPONGE PARK, DLAND STUDIO
repetition holds together the composition of a graphic and can help to communicate a narrative.
it doEsN’t hAVE to tAKE much rEPEtitioN to commuNicAtE A comPELLiNG idEA.
sponge park, dland stUdio
BALANCE happens when there is a hierarchy, but no one graphic element has more “visual weight” than another.
IN A CAT’S CRADLE, EACH LINE SEGMENT IS HELD IN TENSION WITH THE REST...
balance happens when there is a hierarchy, but no one graphic element has more “visual weight” than another.
in a cat’s cradle, each line segment is held in tension with the rest...
the rule of thirds says that the eye likes to see images and layouts broken into a grid 3 x 3 grid and its natural focal point is off-center.
grids are important for laying-out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
laYoUt and grids
1) PAGE mArGiNs
2) VErticAL coLumNs
3) horiZoNtAL roWs
4) sPAcE bEtWEEN tYPE or imAGEs (GuttEr)
grids are important for laying out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
laYoUt and grids
4
1
2
3
4
1
3
GRIDS are important for laying-out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
1) PAGE MARGINS
2) VERTICAL COLUMNS
3) HORIZONTAL ROWS
4) SPACE BETWEEN TYPE OR IMAGES (GUTTER)
“VENDOR POWER”, CENTER FOR URBAN PEDAGOGY
2
grids are important for laying-out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
1) PAGE mArGiNs
2) VErticAL coLumNs
3) horiZoNtAL roWs
4) sPAcE bEtWEEN tYPE or imAGEs (GuttEr)
“vendor power”, center for Urban pedagogY
4
1
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
3
GRIDS are important for laying-out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
1) PAGE MARGINS
2) VERTICAL COLUMNS
3) HORIZONTAL ROWS
4) SPACE BETWEEN TYPE OR IMAGES (GUTTER)
“VENDOR POWER”, CENTER FOR URBAN PEDAGOGY
2
4
1
2
3
1) PAGE mArGiNs
2) VErticAL coLumNs
3) horiZoNtAL roWs
4) sPAcE bEtWEEN tYPE or imAGEs (GuttEr)
“vendor power”, center for Urban pedagogY
grids are important for laying-out boards or arranging elements in a supergraphic.
4
1
3
4
1
2
3
FuturaRockwell
HelveticaClarendon
Century Schoolbook News Gothic
sErif foNts sANs-sErif foNts
tYpographY is important for establishing hierarchy and making presentations legible.
tYpographY
HELVETICA NEUECentury Schoolbook luptat ra qui numquo eari dolore etur sandae nonsequo mint. Genit ipsam fugitectem doluptam es si id ut velicim aciur, simusandis enet audae dessinc tatiuntotat moluptur, solupis
HELVETICA NEUEHelvetica Neue
Helvetica NeueHELVETICA NEW
HEADER AND TEXT LABELS
tYpographY is important for establishing hierarchy and making presentations legible.
tYpographY
choosE oNE sErif foNt for ruNNiNG tEXt ANd oNE sANs-sErif foNt for hEAdErs ANd LAbELs; A VAriEtY of siZEs, disPLAY tYPEs, ANd tiNts Adds VisuAL iNtErEst to thE PrEsENtAtioN.