Southeastern People

Plains PeoplesApaches, Comanches, Kiowas, and Tonkawas

Apache became fierce fighters after arriving in AmericaApache comes from the Zuni word apachu which means enemy.There were six Apache tribes and two lived in Texas: Lipans and Mescaleros.They were warlike people and among the first to ride horses.known for raiding other tribespushed the Tonkawas and Jumanos out of their territorypushed out of their territory by the Comanches

Apache Geographic CharacteristicsGreat PlainsOne of the bands lived in the Panhandle, and the other one lived a little further south.high plains

Apache Foodnomads hunter-gathererfarmed a little but mostly huntedcorn, beans, pumpkins, and watermelonbuffalo and small animalsBuffalo was their favorite animal to hunt. They used the buffalo for everything: food, cooking pots, clothes, shelter, and tools.

Apache Shelterlived in villageslived in tipis covered with buffalo hides

Apache Appearancewore clothing made of deerskin and buffalo hide to keep them warm in the wintermen wore breechclothwomen wore buckskin dressesclothing was often fringed and beaded for decorationmoccasins

Apache Economicstraded furs with the Europeans and other tribesmostly traded things for cornknown for raiding and stealing things like corn and other goodsstole horses from the Europeans

Apache Social close knit familiesWomen were in charge of the home.cookedtended to the childrenbuilt houseshelped defend against attackersMen were hunters, warriors, and leaders.known for raiding other villages and pushing tribes off of their land

Apache Political Each band had its own chief.elected by a tribal councilImportant decisions were made by the tribal council.Chiefs job was to mediate between other Apaches.

Apache Religionbelieved in a single creatorbelieved the earth was sacred and that no one owned it; it should be sharedbelieved that every living thing has a purposecalled on spirits for help in daily loves in religious ceremoniesWomen often served as shamans (spiritual leaders).

Comanche Fierce warriors of the plainscame to Texas around the 1700sKnown as skilled hunters, fighters, and riderscooperated with the Apaches at first but later pushed them south

Comanche Geographic Characteristicsmoved from Wyoming to the Texas Panhandle by riding horses they stole from the Europeans; Great PlainsThey pushed both the Apaches and Jumanos further south.

Comanche Foodnomadshunted buffalo all year long for food, clothing, tools, and sheltergathered plants, nuts, and other foods

Comanche Shelterlived in tipislived in tipis covered with buffalo hide

Comanche Appearancewomen had short hair; men wore long hair parted in the middle with a braid on each sidewore clothing made of deerskin and buffalo hide to keep them warm in the wintermen wore buckskin war shirts and breechclothswomen wore deerskin dressesclothing was often fringed and painted with tribal designsmoccasins

Comanche Economicsstole from and traded with other tribesoften traded stolen things, horses, and people previously kidnappedmostly traded things for crops

Comanche Social Women were in charge of the home.cookedtended to the childrenbuilt houseshelped defend against attackersMen were hunters, warriors, and leaders.known for raiding other villages and pushing tribes off of their land

Comanche Political Each band had its own chief.elected by a tribal councilChiefs earned their positions by being skilled fighters.Important decisions were made by the tribal council.

Comanche Religionbelieved in a single creatorbelieved the earth was sacred and that no one owned it; it should be sharedbelieved that every living thing has a purposebelieved in having religious ceremonies

Kiowa came to Texas in the 1800sraided other tribes and white settlerswere enemies of the Comanches but later became allies

Kiowa Geographic CharacteristicsGreat Plainslived in the northern Panhandlehigh plains

Kiowa Foodnomadshunted buffalo all year long for food, clothing, tools, and shelterHunted small game and rabbitsGathered wild potatoes, fruits, and nuts

Kiowa Shelterlived in tipislived in tipis covered with buffalo hide

Kiowa AppearanceBoth men and women had long hair; only cut hair when in mourningwore clothing made of deerskin and buffalo hide to keep them warm in the wintermen wore buckskin war shirts and breechclothswomen wore deerskin dresses clothing was often fringed, painted with tribal designs, and decorated with ribbons and fancy beadingmoccasins

Kiowa Economicstraded with other tribesliked to trade buffalo hides and meat for crops like cornraided other tribesstole horses

Kiowa Social often fought with other tribesWomen were in charge of the home.cookedtended to the childrenbuilt houseshelped defend against attackersMen were hunters, warriors, and leaders.known for raiding other villages and pushing tribes off of their land

Kiowa Political Each band had its own chief.elected by a tribal councilChiefs earned their positions by being skilled fighters.Important decisions were made by the tribal council.

Kiowa Religionbelieved in a single creatorbelieved the earth was sacred and that no one owned it; it should be sharedbelieved that every living thing has a purposebelieved in having religious ceremonies

Tonkawa Tonkawa means, the people of the Wolf.claimed they were all descended from the wolfnever killed a wolfrefused to farm because wolves didnt farmfriendly with the Karankawas

Tonkawa Geographic CharacteristicsCoastal and Great Plainslived near present-day Austin and San Antonio

Tonkawa Foodnomadshunted buffalo all year long for food, clothing, tools, and shelterbecame hunter-gatherers after Apaches pushed them out of their territorygathered roots, seeds, fruit, and nutshunted rabbits, skunks, rats, rattlesnakes, and turtles

Tonkawa Shelterlived in tipis covered with buffalo hideAfter being pushed out of territory, they covered their tipis with brush and grass.

Tonkawa AppearanceWomen wore wraparound deerskin skirts and shawls made of rabbit fur.Men wore breechcloths and painted buffalo robes.made beautifully decorated moccasins but only wore them on special occasionsHair: Men- long and braided; sometimes cut the left side short; feather tied to a lock of hairWomen- loose or one long braidwore tribal tattoos

Tonkawa Economicstraded with other tribesoften traded buffalo meat for cornoften traded with Europeans for firearms

Tonkawa Social friendly and had a good relationship with Karankawas, Coahuiltecans, Jumanos, and Caddoesenemies with Comanches and Apachespushed out of their territory by Apaches and Comanches

Tonkawa Political Each band had its own chief.elected by a tribal councilChiefs earned their positions by being skilled fighters.Important decisions were made by the tribal council.

Tonkawa Religionbelieved in a single creatorbelieved the earth was sacred and that no one owned it; it should be sharedbelieved that every living thing has a purposeperformed dances for religious ceremonies