P.K. Kurian , Director Monitoring and Evaluation,

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Decentralized Governance and Sustainable Service Delivery: A case of Nenmeni Rural Water Supply Scheme, Kerala, India. P.K. Kurian , Director Monitoring and Evaluation, Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, Trivandrum Dr. Kurian Baby IAS , Senior Programme Officer, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • Decentralized Governance and Sustainable Service Delivery: A case of Nenmeni Rural Water Supply Scheme, Kerala, IndiaP.K. Kurian, Director Monitoring and Evaluation, Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, Trivandrum

    Dr. Kurian Baby IAS, Senior Programme Officer, International Research Center (IRC), Netherlands

    Terry Thomas, Project ManagerCDM Smith, Bangalore

  • RWSS - Nenmeni - Wayanad District - KeralaNenmeni Gram PanchayatArea: 69.38 sq.km.Population: 44096No. of Households: 9010No. of Water Supply Schemes: 103 nos

  • Community Water Investment in Nenmeni PanchayatInvestment made under Kerala Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Project - Jalanidhi is approx. Rs. 4.9 cores (2005-2008)

    51 : New rural water supply schemesGP rehabilitation schemes2KWA rehabilitation schemes Schemes by Block and Dist. Panchayat (non Jalanidhi)

    103 : No. of rural water supply schemes operationalNenmeni RWSS is the largest covering 23% of GP households. Today this community scheme manages distribution of over 1 million litres of water

  • Successful case of water utility transfer and operations from State owned Kerala Water Authority (KWA) to Community Management1990-1993 : Construction of Nenmeni Rural Water Scheme by Kerala Water Authority

    1993-2005: Operation and maintenance by KWA

    2005-2007: Scheme transfer and operation and maintenance by Grama Panchayat

    2007-2009: Management of the scheme by the Transition Management Committee

    2009 - onwards: Total management by apex level community body

  • River bank infiltration well- 6m diaPumping units: 50HP x 2 (submersible)Pumping main: 5840 mWater treatment facilityDistribution system: 70227 mDomestic connections Public Stand PostsStorage reservoir : 3.75 lakhs liters cap.

    Major assets built

  • Source, Treatment and Pumping Arrangements

  • Ground level storage reservoir- 375,000 liters capacityClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level

  • 257 Public Stand Posts and 389 (427 in records) domestic connections prior to rehabilitationIrregular water supply Frequent issues with water quality Flat tariff, with weak billing and collection system in placeNo substantial accountability systemsElectrical power arrears to KSEB -Rs.35 lakhs No fund allocation from KWA for system improvementsUFW/NRW: More than 50% (based on estimates) Approx. arrears Rs. 200,000 (KWA settled with GP internally)Assets status at the time of transfer

  • Distributes to 2058 households, of which 1408 are private connections and rest through stand posts (71 nos)All household connections are meteredVolumetric pricing in place (approx. 109 lpcd)Consumers opine that the service quality and level have vastly improved after rehabilitationNo electrical power arrearsUFW-NRW: Less than 20% (calculated)Slush deposit and frequent turbidity issuesBreakages in distribution lines, especially with AC pipe linesConsumer complaints- 7-9 nos per day and addressed in shortest possible time

    Water supply scheme today

  • Metered BehaviourClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level

  • Community zonesInstitutional ArrangementsScheme Level Executive Committee (SLEC)Gram Panchayat BoardScheme Level General Body( SLGB)GP Council with 23 members9 members in SLECGP President and SLEC Secretary are ex-officio membersSLEC has 5 women and 4 men representatives.GB consists of 45 representatives(9x5=45) 5 reps. /area (3 women and 2 men)

  • Scheme Administration

  • Relationship between SLEC and GPGP President is the ex-officio member of the SLECGP provide financial support to SLEC for extension of distribution networks and other activities- Rs. 510000 in three tranches. GP entrusted SLEC to take over one defunct micro water supply scheme with mandate to operate and manage

    SLEC maintains cordial working relations with the GP Council, irrespective of political force in powerSLEC function like a NGO in Watsan for the GP

  • Tariff ChargesFor Public Stand Posts charges collected as per KWA rates prevailing. This equates to Rs. 1750 / connection / year, paid by GP

    Consumption Level/MonthCharge% Consumers0-10,000 LitresRs.5060%10001-15000 LitresRs.50 + Rs. 8/for every additional KL19%15001-20000 LitresRs. 90 + Rs. 10/for every additional KL17%20001-25000 LitresRs.140 + Rs. 15/for every additional KL3%25000 + LitresRs.215+Rs. 25/ for every additional KL1%

  • Billing and collection of water chargesMeter Reader visits all Member Households

    Payment at local collection centers (4 nos)Records meter and issue demand notice Payment on the spot to Meter ReaderPayment at CTC of the NRWSS at CheeralPayment at Central office NRWSS

  • Inclusive expansion in Nenmeni RWSS

  • Professional Operations Management:Secretary and President of Rural Water Supply SchemeClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelAn in-house software is developed which takes care of tariff, metering, billing, controlling expenses and preparing all MIS statements, including tracking defaulters

  • Income & Expenditure under O&M in NRWSS

    YearIncomeExpenseBalanceRs.2009-10823740726488972522010-119868317331392536922011-121020656869381151275Total28312272329008502219

  • Diverse InvestmentsComputer operation instruction centrePhotocopier and Fax machine serviceTwo 50 HP electric pumps purchased/ installed to enhance efficiency of distribution Through bank loan brought 15 cents of land Proposed to build a community hall, an office space for the NRWSS and shift the CTC to this proposed facility.

  • Computer Training Centre of NRWSS

  • Stable LeadershipNRWSS has been developing local leadership and skills in the learning by doing modeScheme has had a stable leadership right from planning till date SLEC is well informed of all developments in the scheme. Internally developed IT support for administration and scheme management

  • Professional ManagementComplaint redressal systemMeteringMeter readingCollection of water cess, Multiple collection centres Transparency systems

  • Key Lessons / ObservationsConsumer households rate the scheme and its service level high. SLEC function like an extended non-governmental arm of the GP. SLEC supports GP with its specialist skills and expertise in the water sector. GP takes advice from NRWSS to address problems of other small community based water supply schemes in the GP

  • Open Arms ApproachOpen verses Closed Arms approach to new membersNew members easily admitted Inclusive approach/ easy and workable inclusion techniques. Pro-poor with special provisions for BPL / SC /ST HHs with lower subscription rates to become members

  • Politics of DevelopmentGood case of positive local politics supporting local development initiatives. An institution that supplies water to around 2000 households on an everyday basis can potentially become a power centre in a GP in the Kerala context. Either it can become a parallel power centre opposing the GP or an extension of the GP with a NGO faade

  • Community driven -PRI centric approaches in service delivery is a powerful institutional delivery model Communities need strong professional, technical and management empowerment for sustainability Community achievement in successful rehabilitation and expansion of potentially viable failed public scheme to improve coverage and service levels Good facilitation and governance support by GPEffective decentralized local governance can be inclusive by retaining public stand posts targeted to the poor, subsidized by the GP Conclusion

  • Asset transfer, improvement and operations in Nenmeni Rural Water Supply Scheme (NRWSS) are process results through

    Forming Storming Norming Performing

  • RecommendationConsider NRWSS as a Field Training School for community water management and for model rehabilitation of water supply schemes

  • Thank YouP.K. Kurian, Director Monitoring and Evaluation, Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, Trivandrum

    Dr. Kurian Baby IAS, Senior Programme Officer, International Research Center (IRC), Netherlands

    Terry Thomas, Project ManagerCDM Smith, Bangalore