pjir.bzu.edu.pkpjir.bzu.edu.pk/upload/Vol-09_7 Khalid Iqbal Raza.pdf_50.pdf · 2018-11-16 ·...

*

**

Abstract

Main focus of this article is to enlighten the social intercourse of

Abbasid caliphs. Abbasid came in power on behalf of Persians. On this

quotation, we see the domination of Persian culture and civilization in all fields

of life of Abbasid. Abbasids were much inspired by Persians that as soon as

they came in power they announced Persian dress as their official dress. In

order to gain Persian favors Abbasid caliphs celebrated their (Persians)

festivals e.g. Noroz, Maher Jan and Ramroz. Even that the mentioned

festivals hadn't any least relationship with Islam rather these were sacred

festivals of Zoroastrianism. Abbasids tried their best to run the state in the

very Persian way. For this, they gradually started to imitate Persians in

approach of luxuries, title, wives, exhilarations, art of construction, religious

and national functions and soon these things were imprinted on the

meditations and thoughts of Abbasid caliphs. Contrary to Umayyad, Abbasid

caliphs were fond of constructions. Therefore, in their reign they built many

marvelous and glorious buildings along with colonization of new cities and

these buildings possessed great similarity with Persian art of construction.

Abbasid caliphs preferred Persian women and maids to Arabian women, that

was reason that except a few most of the caliphs were born by maids. Due to

these acts of Abbasids, on one hand, the fundamental social setup was

*

**

139

completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof from them

due to their extra inclination towards Persians. Eventually it led the expansion

of Arabian Persian conflict. However in the rule of Muatassim Billah, this

Arabian Persian conflict simmered down for the power and authority had

been transferred to the Turks. Majority of the Abbasid Caliphs were

captivated in luxurious and extravagant life that's why the sensuous musical

parties were the beauty of their palaces. They were having inclination towards

hunting, horse racing and chess. In their imitation these games were equally

admired by public. In that era Zimis (non-Muslims) had complete religious

freedom. It is insured by the presence of Deer-e- Baghdadi, Deer-e- Azari and

Deer-ur- Rome churches. Abbasid caliphs not only refrained from

interruptions in their religious matters but also attended their religious festivals

by the way of approbation and unity. It is not awkward to say that Umayyad

caliphate was actually the Arab monarchy but on contrary Abbasid

government possessed international importance for their government had

Turkish and Persian prevalence. It's an acknowledged fact that no matter how

much Islamic prominence was dominated apparently on personal lives of

Abbasids but practically their political departments were spirited by Persian

monarchs.

Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 9, 2012

140

(1)

(2)

(3)

691 / 72

(4)

(5)

141

completely changed and, on the other hand the Arabs kept aloof f

due to their extra inclination towards Persians. Eventually it l

of Arabian Persian conflict. However in the rule of Muatassim Bi

Arabian Persian conflict simmered down for the power and authori

been transferred to the Turks. Majority of the Abbasid Caliphs w

captivated in luxurious and extravagant life that's why the sens

parties were the beauty of their palaces. They were having incli

hunting, horse racing and chess. In their imitation these games

admired by public. In that era Zimis (non-Muslims) had complete

freedom. It is insured by the presence of Deer-e- Baghdadi, Deer

Deer-ur- Rome churches. Abbasid caliphs not only refrained from

interruptions in their religious matters but also attended their

by the way of approbation and unity. It is not awkward to say th

caliphate was actually the Arab monarchy but on contrary Abbasid

government possessed international importance for their governme

Turkish and Persian prevalence. It's an acknowledged fact that n

much Islamic prominence was dominated apparently on personal liv

Abbasids but practically their political departments were spirit

monarchs.

Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research

(6)

(7)

635/13 (8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(13) (12)

(14)

(15)


142

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20) (21)

143

635/

(9)

(13)


(22) (23)

(24)


144

762/145

(25)

(26) 770/154

(27) 768/151

(28)

(29)

(30)

(31) (32)

(33) 775/159

(34)

771/155

(35)

145


773/157

(36)

(37) 774/158

(38) (39)


146

(40)

(41)

(42)

(43)

(44)

(45)

" "

147


" "

(46) " "

(47)


148

(48)

(49)

149


(50)

(51)

(52)

(53)

(54)

(55)


150

(56)

(57)

(58)

(59)

(60)

(61)

(62)

151


" " " "

(63)

(64)

(65)

(66)


152

(67) (68)

(69)

(70)

(71)

"

(72)

(73)

153


(74)

(75)

(76)

(77)

(78) (79)

(80)

(81) (82)

(83)

(84)

(85)

(86)

____ ____

____ ____


154

____ ____

____

____

15

(87)

(88)

(89)

155

(79)

(80)


(90)

(91)

636/15

(92) XAAEA 639/18

(93)

(94)

(95)


156

(96)

(97)

(98)

157

(95)


(99)

(100)

(101)

(102)

(103)

(104)

(105)


158

(106)

(107)

(108)

(109)

(110)

(111)

159


(112)

(113)

:

(114)

(115)


160

(116)

(117)

(118)

(119)

(120)

" "

(121)

161


(122)

(123)

(124)

(125)


162

1959 1

668 2

103 1989 2

662 2 3

4

198 1969 87 61939 5

22 2006 6

7. Le Stronge, Guy, Baghdad, During The AbbasidCaliphate,

Oxford, 1924,P 9-10 25 27 8

163


11010 5 1978 9

677 2 10

245

11

101 10 5 12

13. Bernard Lewis, The Arabs in History, Hutchinson and Company,

(Publisher) Ltd, London,1970, P-83.

27 14

101 10 5 15

1 1931 16

78-77

17

457 4 1939

245

165 5 2003 681 2 18

145 5 19

75-74 1 20

76 21

22. Ameer Ali, Syed, A Short History of the Saracens, Islamic

Book Service, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, 1926, p-448.

23. Ibid

587 2 24

144 5 25

113 10 5 26

297 6 27


164

292 28

29

203 1136-11351 2003

71 30

1136-1135 1 31

71 32

213 5 33

245

34

35

615 2 1989 73 36

37. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, p- 447.

161 38

39

100 40

333 4 1986 41

311 42

319 7 43

333 4 44

748 2 45

161 46

250 47

323 4 48

758 2 49

207

50

165

110

13.

1 1931

245

22.

23.


51. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, p-254.

389-388 1938 52

59 53

759 2 54

55

750 56

57

222 3

58. Hitti, Philip K. The Arabs, Macmillan and Company Ltd,

London, 1953, P-87.

191 1955 59

60. Hitti, Philip K, History of the Arabs, Macmillan and Company

Limited, England,1961,P-302.

203

61

62. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens,P-458.

63. Ibid.

89 64

135 2004 65

66. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens, P-451.

105103 1298 67

55-54 68

778 2 69

70. Ameer Ali, A Short History of the Saracens, P-450.

137 71


166

22 72

73

467 1901

188 1950 74

467 75

286 1 1997 76

139 77

115 78

79

145 1926 139 80

161 81

192 82

83

221 84

140 85

36-37 1962 86

140 87

141 88

286 1 89

90

140 91

143 92

261 2005 93

251 94

167

51.

58.

60.

62.

63.

66.

105

70.


146 95

283-282 1 96

718 2 97

230 98

277 99

276

100

239 101

719 -718 2 102

439 6

387 103

187

104

208206 1 1285 105

729726 2 106

5444 1944 107

713 2 108

204200 5 109

291 110

358356 5 111

784 2 112

113. Ameer Ali , A Short History of the Saracens, P- 458.

275 114

115. Hitti, History of the Arabs, P-339.

73

116

198 1 1928 117

783 2 118


168

22 119

137:2 120

770 2 121

222 1879 122

159 123

222 124

125. Hitti, History of the Arabs, P-332

169

5444

113.

115.


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