Pittsburgh Progarmming Booklet

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Jan Achilles Miller

Intersection of Habitation Densities/Mobility

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Jan Achilles MillerEmail: [email protected]: (412) 608-4447janachillesdesign.com

Intersection of Habitation Densities/Mobility

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1940

30,000

20,000

10,000

5,000

0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Industry

Economy Transition

WWII ends. Factories switch from munitions back to industry

Pittsburgh is rezoned removing many residential areas within the city

Steel industry implodes. Factories close and massive job losses

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Table of ContentsHabitation Analysis

TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction/Polemic 5Case Studies 7 Manhattan Case Study 9 Hamburg Case Study 11 Savannah Case Study 13East Penn Ave. Analysis 15 City Districts/Mobility 17 Districts/Mobility 19 Access Points/Moblity 21Iron City Beer Site Analysis 23 District/Access Points 25 Site Section/Mobility 27 Site District Programs 29Programming Analysis 31 Program Brief 33 Case Studies/Analysis 35Site Programming & Design 37 Site Analysis/Programming 39 Site Design 41

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HabitationMobility

Densities

Scale

Time

Low DensityHigh Density

YearlyMonthly Daily

Primary SecondaryAccess Points

CityDistrict Block

Airplane, Train Bus, Car Bike, Foot

Single FamilyMulti-FamilyApartments

HighwayMain RoadsAlly Ways

PopulationTransportation Rush HourTourist Season

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Inroduction and PolemicHabitation Analysis

Habitation Polemic It could be fair to assume that traditionally habitat could simply be defined as the environment or area one lives in. This means what type of dwelling unit they reside in, what the surroundings are, and what the climate is. Is the area rural? Is the area a city? However the term habitat is not to be confused with the term habitation. Habitation has a much more rich and diverse meaning behind it. Habitation is not simply where one lives, but takes into account the surrounding physical environment and the enigmatic circumstance of the place. When looking at the place, factors such as entertainment, food, and leisure are important to note in relation to proximity of amenities to any given area. Next, atmosphere is perhaps one of the larger shaping attributes to habitation. The atmosphere of the surroundings can bring about different feelings for the inhabitants. Every area within an environment has a preexisting feel and pulse of activity and life based on the existing residents such as art districts, cultural districts, and class diversity. These intersections are what define the place, they are what create interesting interactions in human behavior.Focusing on the a few key intersections that occur in the creation of a habitation, allows for a more acute understanding of the complexities that compose a habitat. When analyzing habitation through three different prongs (scale, environment, evolution), the intersection of two forces begins to become dominant. These two forces are densities and mobility. When these generators are analyzed through various scales and times, different environments and topologies are formed and evolve, making each habitat individual or case specific. Therefore, densities and mobility have been able to establish themselves as significant

generators of habitation because they have been able to enact such a profound influence on a habitat’s development and character. Even though densities and mobility have emerged as two of the dominant forces that define habitation, these two forces are not independent. Not only are these two terms attached to one another, but they are also linked to other generative forces that also influence them. At the intersection between densities and mobility, however, the two combine to produce a force that develops habitation in an unprecedented manner. An increase or decrease in mobility is in direct correlation with the concentration of a density, while the development of densities within a habitat is a result of the ease of mobility and amount of access points within a habitat. Using this overlapping connection between densities and mobility as a tool for examining habitations helps to create a more comprehensive understanding of what defines a habitation.

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Case StudiesHabitation Analysis

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City Evolution/DistrictsManhattan Case Study

1750180018501900

Year Population33,13160,489515,5471,850,093

Manhattan’s rapid growth and increase in density makes it the perfect city to examine for a case study on the city and district evolution. In one hundred and fifty years Manhattan’s population grew from 33,131 people to 1,850,093 people. This drastic increase in population caused the size of the city to increase drastically as well, and eventually caused the development of districts outside of Manhattan, such as Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx. By layering the different maps of Manhattan from 1750- 1900 on top of one another, the manner in which the city and it’s districts developed becomes apparent. Then by overlaying Manhattan’s current districts over top of the growth of Manhattan, the size and densities of Manhattan’s districts become evident.

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Districts/MobilityHamburg Case Study

RedGreenBlueYellow

Subway Bus Parking Train Airplane

Hamburg, Germany has an excellent public transportation system, that allows for easy mobility throughout the city and the many districts that comprise the city. It’s public transportation system is designed in a radial manner that has it’s orgin in the center of the city. All of lines of mobility either go towards the center of the city or away from the city center. All of these routes of mobility have various access points that all people to easily change their mode of mobily. By being able to use various different types of mobility, people are able to get to their destination in a quick and efficient manner, with a minimal amount of walking to get from one point to another. The city also encourages people who live further away from the city to use it’s public transportation by offering park and ride areas, so they do not have to drive into the city.

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RedGreenYellow

Main Rds Neighborhood Roads

Block/MobilitySavannah Case Study

The design of Savannah, Georgia’s historical city center is the perfect example of balance between densities and mobility. It’s basic grid design has primary and secondary roads that allow for quick and easy navigation throughout the city and it’s neighborhoods.Savannah’s mobility routes intersect with one another fairly often, allowing for easy transistions from busy main roads to more serene residential roads. Since Savannah’s mobility is setup on a basic grid pattern, it helps to ensure that areas do not become too densely populated. This grid system also helps to ensure that there is open spaces, such as a park in each neighborhood, as well as each city block. Therefore, each city block in Savannah has easy mobility, as well as a perfect balance between density and open spaces.

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Oakland

HighlandPark

Downtown

Bloomfield

EastLiberty

TroyHill

Northside

StripDistrict

Millvale

Strip District

Polish Hill

BloomfieldButler Str. Development

East

Penn

Ave.

Maste

r Plan

Liber

ty Av

e.

Wareh

ouse

s

War

ehou

ses

Resid

entia

l

Residential

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East Penn Ave. AnalysisHabitation Analysis

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BloomfieldEast LibertyFriendship

Population

GarfieldLawrenceville

District9,0896,8711,7915,40010,590

City Districts/MobilityEast Penn Ave. Analysis

Pittsburgh’s geography influences and determines the city’s mobility and districts. The downtown area is located in a valley and the location where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers converge to form the Ohio River. From downtown, the city stretches outward on the banks of these three rivers, and extends out into the valleys and hills closest to the rivers. Pittsburgh’s neighborhoods appear in clustered densities, with low densities in between the neighborhoods. These densities are all interconnected through a web of mobility. These densities are connected through main roads or primary routes of mobility, with secondary routes of mobility, allowing for the navigation within these clustered densities. For the purposes of this project, the Strip District and the East Penn Ave. District, are the two areas of focus within the limits of Pittsburgh.

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RedGreenYellow

Main Rds Neighborhood Roads

District/MobilityEast Penn Ave. Analysis

East Penn Ave. stretches through five different districts, Bloomfield, East Liberty, Friendship, Garfield, and Lawrenceville. This primary route of mobility is divided into three major districts, the Arsenal District, the Hospital District, and the Arts District. These districts are all in relation to the various programs within these districts. There is currently a Master Plan for the redevelopment of the East Penn Ave. corridor. The goal of this Master Plan is to rehabilitate portions of this primary mobility route and help to inject a new sense of life within these areas. In order to do this various routes of mobility, along with often occurring access points need to be established. By examining the current mobility and access points along East Penn Ave., a new and fitting infrastructure can be designed and implemented.

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Oakland

HighlandPark

Downtown

Bloomfield

EastLiberty

TroyHill

Northside

StripDistrict

Millvale

Strip District

Polish Hill

BloomfieldArsenal Park

Hospital District

ArsenalDistrict

Butler Str. Development

East

Penn

Ave.

Maste

r Plan

Liber

ty Av

e.

Wareh

ouse

s

War

ehou

ses

Resid

entia

l

Residential

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RedGreen

Main Rds Neighborhood Roads Urban Renewal Districts Express Bus Route

BluePurple

Access Point/MobilityEast Penn Ave. Analysis

Oakland

HighlandPark

Downtown

Bloomfield

EastLiberty

TroyHill

Northside

StripDistrict

Millvale

Strip District

Polish Hill

Bloomfield

Oakland

HighlandPark

Downtown

Bloomfield

EastLiberty

TroyHill

Northside

StripDistrict

Millvale

Strip District

Polish Hill

BloomfieldArsenal Park

Hospital District

ArsenalDistrict


East

Penn

Ave.

Maste

r Plan

Liber

ty Av

e.

Wareh

ouse

s

War

ehou

ses

Resid

entia

l

Residential

For this project, the Arsenal District of the East Penn Ave. Master Plan, will become the main focus. This district is key in the redevelopment of the East Penn Ave. corridor. This is because the Arsenal District is the first part of East Penn Ave. that one reaches as one travels along East Penn Ave. coming from the downtown region of Pittsburgh. Therefore, the Arsenal District can be viewed as an access point from downtown to the neighborhoods that stem from East Penn Ave. By rehabilitating and injecting a new sense of life into the area, the Arsenal District will help to attract and draw people into the East Penn Ave. corridor from downtown. It will also serve as an access point for people living along East Penn Ave. to downtown Pittsburgh and the Strip District, and other various neighborhoods throughout Pittsburgh.

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East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

Strip

Bloom

field


East

Pen

n Av

e.

Liber

ty A

ve.

Polish

StripDistrict

Hill

Lawrenceville

Arsenal Park

ArsenalDistrict


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

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Iron City Beer Site AnalysisHabitation Analysis

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Polish

StripDistrict

Hill

Lawrenceville

Arsenal Park

ArsenalDistrict


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

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5 Min. Walk 10 Min. Walk 15 Min. WalkOneTwo

Three

District/Access PointsIron City Beer Site Analysis


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

Within the Arsenal District of Lawrenceville, there are several redevelopments occurring. Currently, East Penn Ave. and Butler Street are receiving the most amount of attention. However, there is a third primary route of mobility, that has not had any redevelopment/ rehabilitation proposal. Liberty Ave. runs parallel to East Penn Ave., and is seperated from East Penn Ave. by two blocks. By redeveloping Liberty Ave. in conjunction with the East Penn Ave. and Butler Street, the Arsenal District would take on a totally new and complete character. Therefore, a site needed to be picked along Liberty Ave. that would become a starting point for the redevelopment of this primary route of mobility. The Iron City Beer site is a perfect location for this initiative. It is located at the entrance to the Arsenal District, and acts as an access point to the Strip District, Lawrenceville, Polish Hill and the express bus route.

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RedGreenYellow

Main Rds Neighborhood Roads Urban Renewal Districts Express Bus Route

BluePurple

Site Section/Mobility Iron City Beer Site Analysis

Iron City Beer’s location makes it a crucial access point to several different neighborhoods and districts. There are also several different forms of mobility that occur around that site. By developing this site so that it helps to reinforce these types of mobility, as well encourage new types of mobility, the recently abandoned site will be transformed into an essential link between downtown and the neighborhoods such as Lawrenceville and Polish Hill. The nature of Iron City’s site could allow for an increase and strengthening of moblity between these districts on many different levels. It is situated higher than Lower Lawrenceville (which includes both East Penn Ave. and Butler Street) and the express bus route, and has a lower elevation than Polish Hill. By strengthening the mobility, this once industrial site can become a place of interaction and connection between these districts, helping to establish a more enriched community.

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East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

31

OrangeRedYellowGray

Living Bar/Food Industry Church

Purple

Art Studio


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.


East

Penn

Ave.

Liber

ty Av

e.

Site District Programs Iron City Beer Site Analysis

In addition to help strengthen the mobility between various districts, the Iron City site should also act as an extension of the programs that surround the site. This will help to create a strong and healthy community that will attract various people and activities. Currently most of the surrounding areas are of industrial and residential program. However, with the redevelopment of Butler Street and East Penn Ave., there are new types of program being established in the Arsenal District. These programs include bars and restaurants, as well as artist studios. With the addition of these new types of program to the Arsenal District, a new sense of community has begun to arise, with more people visiting the area. Therefore, the Iron City Beer site needs to be a continuation of this cultural phenomeon, and should encourage it’s further development.

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ProgramTransportation Hub

Cultural HubUrban Park

Primary Mobility Secondary Mobility Access Points

Residential Bar/Restaurants Artist Studios

Park ‘N Ride

Green Space

Public Events

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Programing AnalysisHabitation Analysis

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ProgramTransportation Hub

Cultural HubUrban Park

Primary Mobility Secondary Mobility Access Points

Residential Bar/Restaurants Artist Studios

Park ‘N Ride

Green Space

Public Events

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different types of mobility, including bus, train, subway and bike. It will have secondary mobility routes, such a footpaths, bike paths, and buses, that converge on the center. The transportation hub will be a center where people can come from different neighborhoods to access major mobility routes, which will allow for easier, quicker access to and from the downtown regions and other areas of Pittsburgh. The cultural hub will have many different attributes and goals. It will be an epicenter for the mixing of cultures of various areas surrounding the site. It will be an area of that attracts people to the center because of the various activities that are present in the building. The cultural hub will have coffee shops, art galleries, bars, restaurants and living quarters. The urban park will be a key program component in the design of the Iron City Beer site. This urban park will help to introduce a diversity of forms of mobility by providing alternative secondary routes, as well as helping to conceal many primary routes of mobility, which can be considered an eye sore. The urban park will also provide a space for public events that will help to promote a sense of community. It will also provide a space for casual meeting and leisure activities, for a high density area that currently lacks a lot of amenities. When these three program types are combined into one building, it will have a powerful impact. The site will become an epicenter for both transportation and culture, and will constantly be full of activity. It will also help in solving several mobility issues currently present within areas surrounding the site. This will help to increase the ease with which people can navigate the city of Pittsburgh, as well as allowing for the exchange of culture between adjacent neighborhoods within the city limits of Pittsburgh.

Program Brief Program is a powerful tool for design. Program embodies the many different scales that combine together to create architecture, at the urban, architectural and individual scales. It gives purpose and function to a design, at various different scales. It influences all components of a building’s design, form, structure and materiality. Program becomes the dominant infrastructure of an architecture as it becomes a generative system that dictates the functions, events, and experiences that will occur within the spaces that are embodied within the site. Without program, the building would not have a life of its own, and would merely be hollow box, in which anything can occur. Through the analysis of habitation, it has become apparent that mobility and densities are the most prevalent forces in defining a habitat. Therefore, it is imperative that these two elements inform and create a project’s program, as they influence the environment in the project, as well as the surrounding environments. An architecture’s program should be generated in response to these environments. Therefore if mobility and densities exert the most influence on the environment for which a project is being designed, it is only natural that they would also influence the program of that environment. Therefore mobility and densities need to become the dominant forces that give birth to and develop a project’s program. I am proposing a program that embodies attributes from both mobility and densities. The program of the project will consist of a transportation hub, as well as a cultural with an urban park connecting mobility and community together. The transportation center will act an access point for several different communities to several Program Brief

Programming Analysis

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Case Studies/Analysis Programming Analysis

UN Studio- Villa NM The design and programmatic organization of Villa NM is dictated by the landscape. The division in the form of the building allows part of the building to follow and conform to the slope of the site. The other part of the building mimics the mirror of the slope that follows the topography of the site. This division and sloping creates a division in program as well. By cutting and them sculpting the form of the building with the topography of the site, UN Studio created mutliple means of mobility and program division in the design of Villa NM. UN Studio- Masterplan Station Area UN Studio’s design for Masterplan Station Area is one that highlights multiple modes of mobility, and the creation of an urban park in a densily populated area of Gijon, Spain. The architects extended the adjacent park over top of the site of the station, creating more public space within the city. Next they seperated the two primary mobility routes that entered into the park area. They then connected these primary mobility routes with several secondary moblity routes, that allow visitors the freedom to choose their own routes.

Weiss Manfredi- Olympic Sculpture Park The Olympic Sculpture Park effectively creates urban public space and new routes of mobility, while minimal interference with existing routes of mobility. In the areas below the new urban park and new routes of mobility, the architects placed elements of program that the design to be better integrated with the surrounding programs of the city.

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Site Programming & Design Programming & Design

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Site Analysis/Programming Analysis & Programming

OrangeRedYellowGray

Living Bar/Food Industry Church

Purple

Art Studio

The area surrounding the Iron City Brewery site consists of various programs that enact an influence upon the site. These programs can be broken down into three major categories; living, entertainment and industry. By understanding how the mobility between these various programs occurs, a pattern of typologies for each type of program begins to become obvious. Extending and connecting these various types of program across the site, begins to show how the types of program can be extended into the site, helping to determine where the different types of program will be situated upon the Iron City Brewery site. Once these programs have been extended into the site and programmatic regions have be located on the site, building development can be begin to occur. The development of buildings is done is such a manner that it mimics the typological organization that occur in the areas surrounding the site.

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Site Design Programming & Design

After the programs and buildings reflecting the program have been organized upon the site, the major routes of mobility of each progam and building type are inserted upon the site, in a manner that allows for many different access points for each program type. These routes of mobility include major roads, local roads, and bus routes. Each of these routes is designed in a way that corresponds with a particular program type. The major roads are associated with the cultural activities that occur upon the site, and aim at reducing the amount of traffic that is dependent on Liberty Ave. The local roads are associated with the living or residential program typology, and are intended to be used by people that inhibit the residential program or are visiting people that live within the site. The bus route is associated with the transportation hub, who’s aim is to provide the site and surrounding neighborhoods, with alternative forms of transportation, that will help to further reduce the amount of dependency most people in the area have with Liberty Ave. The bus route is also intended to help provide people in this area of the city with a quick and easy means of getting to downtown or out into other surrounding neighborhoods. Finally, the program and building types designs were further developed, based on the precedent studies of the various program types. The cultural center design mimics the design of Weiss Manfredi’s design, and provides the public an area with an expanded green space for everyone to share. The transportation hub is designed in a way that allows for various routes of mobility to converge on one central location. The housing borrows ideas from Herzog and DeMeuron, and brings a creative feel to traditional row housing.

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Jan Achilles MillerEmail: [email protected]: (412) 608-4447janachillesdesign.com

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Jan Achilles Miller Intersection of Habitation: Densities/Mobility

Pittsburgh Progarmming Booklet

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