Pipeline Setbacks A Safety or an Illusion? A Focus on Transmission Pipelines.
-
Upload
charla-stewart -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Pipeline Setbacks A Safety or an Illusion? A Focus on Transmission Pipelines.
Pipeline Setbacks A Safety or an Illusion?
Pipeline Setbacks A Safety or an Illusion?
A Focus on Transmission PipelinesA Focus on Transmission Pipelines
Accufacts Inc. 2
Today’s FocusToday’s Focus
Clarify What is a Setback
Why A Setback Isn’t Really a Safety
Suggests Where to Go From Here
Clarify What is a Setback
Why A Setback Isn’t Really a Safety
Suggests Where to Go From Here
Accufacts Inc. 3
ROW Versus SetbacksROW Versus Setbacks
Accufacts Inc. 4
Setback’s Objective?Setback’s Objective? Mainly to Protect the Pipeline
From Some Third Party Activity A Proper ROW Program Can Do This Task
Must Go Beyond One-Call One Call Enforcement Actions (PIPES 2006)!!! Sterilized ROW is Usually Overkill
Not Really A Safety from Pipeline Failure Some Limited Protection From Leaks Not A Protection From Most Ruptures
Many Ruptures Have Very Large Impact Zones Setback Safety Mostly an Illusion
Site/Operate Transmission Pipelines & Surrounding Infrastructure Wisely
Mainly to Protect the Pipeline From Some Third Party Activity A Proper ROW Program Can Do This Task
Must Go Beyond One-Call One Call Enforcement Actions (PIPES 2006)!!! Sterilized ROW is Usually Overkill
Not Really A Safety from Pipeline Failure Some Limited Protection From Leaks Not A Protection From Most Ruptures
Many Ruptures Have Very Large Impact Zones Setback Safety Mostly an Illusion
Site/Operate Transmission Pipelines & Surrounding Infrastructure Wisely
Accufacts Inc. 5
One ROW ExtremeOne ROW Extreme Any Laws Being Violated? Any Laws Being Violated?
Accufacts Inc. 6
Pipeline ReleasesPipeline Releases All Carbon Based Fuels Can Be Made to Detonate
“Sensitivity” To Explosion/Fire Depends on - The Fuel/The Release Mechanism/The Environment All Releases Pass Through the “Flammability” Zone Somewhere
Mass Rate Release “Fingerprint” Key Leaks
Usually Limited Migration (Watch for Paths - e.g. gophers, frost) Distribution Systems and Setbacks Incompatible
Ruptures Larger Potential Impact Zones (PIZs)
Detonation Zone Hard to Accurately Estimate Thermal Radiation Flux Zone Easier to Estimate
Large Diameter Pipelines - A Whole Different Animal Siting / Encroachment Needs Special Consideration Time to Ignition Critical
All Carbon Based Fuels Can Be Made to Detonate “Sensitivity” To Explosion/Fire Depends on -
The Fuel/The Release Mechanism/The Environment All Releases Pass Through the “Flammability” Zone Somewhere
Mass Rate Release “Fingerprint” Key Leaks
Usually Limited Migration (Watch for Paths - e.g. gophers, frost) Distribution Systems and Setbacks Incompatible
Ruptures Larger Potential Impact Zones (PIZs)
Detonation Zone Hard to Accurately Estimate Thermal Radiation Flux Zone Easier to Estimate
Large Diameter Pipelines - A Whole Different Animal Siting / Encroachment Needs Special Consideration Time to Ignition Critical
Accufacts Inc. 7
Rupture Failure Boundary ConditionsRupture Failure Boundary Conditions
Blast/Explosion Pressures Don’t Have to Be Very High to Destroy/Kill Open Fields
Pressures Dissipate Rapidly With Distance Blast Originating Within Structures Not Good
Thermal Radiation Usually Controls Size of PIZ from Pipeline Flux Level and Exposure Time is the Factor
How Hot is Hot? Running is Probably Not a Bona fide Safety
Blast/Explosion Pressures Don’t Have to Be Very High to Destroy/Kill Open Fields
Pressures Dissipate Rapidly With Distance Blast Originating Within Structures Not Good
Thermal Radiation Usually Controls Size of PIZ from Pipeline Flux Level and Exposure Time is the Factor
How Hot is Hot? Running is Probably Not a Bona fide Safety
Accufacts Inc. 8
Thermal Radiation and TimeThermal Radiation and Time
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Thermal Flux (KW/m2)
Time in seconds
Wood DwellingSpontaneous IgnitionUnsheltered 100%
Mortality
Unsheltered 50%Mortality
Unsheltered 1%Mortality
UnshelteredBurn Threshold
Accufacts Inc. 9
Near a Pipeline ROWNear a Pipeline ROW Place “Appropriate” Structures Toward the ROW
Not Talking Bunkers! Avoid Walling or Congestion Effect! Shadowing Buys Important Time for Unsheltered
Avoid Large Unsheltered Gatherings Sites Sensitive to Blast or High Thermal Flux Radiation
Want Easy Exit Away from a Pipeline Best Path - Screened to Avoid Thermal Exposure
Avoid Excessive Tree Removal Trees Good Blast / Thermal Shields Over Reaction to “Killer Tree Syndrome”
Place “Appropriate” Structures Toward the ROW Not Talking Bunkers! Avoid Walling or Congestion Effect! Shadowing Buys Important Time for Unsheltered
Avoid Large Unsheltered Gatherings Sites Sensitive to Blast or High Thermal Flux Radiation
Want Easy Exit Away from a Pipeline Best Path - Screened to Avoid Thermal Exposure
Avoid Excessive Tree Removal Trees Good Blast / Thermal Shields Over Reaction to “Killer Tree Syndrome”
Accufacts Inc. 10
Killer Tree SyndromeKiller Tree Syndrome Trees Over Pipelines Vs
Trees in/near ROW Is it Really a Coating Issue?
Abnormal Loading Lightening Strike in Some
Areas Avoid Abuse of Easement
Privileges Cost Reduction Appears to Be
Driving Extreme Tree Removal
Trees Over Pipelines Vs Trees in/near ROW
Is it Really a Coating Issue? Abnormal Loading Lightening Strike in Some
Areas Avoid Abuse of Easement
Privileges Cost Reduction Appears to Be
Driving Extreme Tree Removal
Accufacts Inc. 11
Thoughts Going ForwardThoughts Going Forward On ROW
Develop a More Informed Standard ROW Width Construction Usually Sets the Minimum Width
Varies for Larger Pipelines ROW with Multiple Pipelines
Activities Permitted on ROW Sterilized ROWs Unwarranted
Off ROW Develop Recommended Guidelines The Reality - Can’t Be Retroactive!
Extreme Positions on Either Side Unwarranted Setbacks Not the Answer
On ROW Develop a More Informed Standard ROW Width
Construction Usually Sets the Minimum Width Varies for Larger Pipelines ROW with Multiple Pipelines
Activities Permitted on ROW Sterilized ROWs Unwarranted
Off ROW Develop Recommended Guidelines The Reality - Can’t Be Retroactive!
Extreme Positions on Either Side Unwarranted Setbacks Not the Answer