PIGS, SOY & LABOUR - Eating City
Transcript of PIGS, SOY & LABOUR - Eating City
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PIGS,SOY&LABOUR
byPeppeMastruzzo
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theethosofhomooeconomicuseconomicactivityisseparatefrommoralvaluesindividualsnaturallyandrationallyseektomaximizeprofitthisjungleattitude&maximizingbehavioureventuallyincreasesthewelfareofthecommunity
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labour,values,communities&unfinished commodities
artisanalfoodisan“unfinishedcommodity”asdefinedbyHeatherPaxson,ProfessoratMIT,inherbook TheLifeofCheese:CraftingFoodandValueinAmerica
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fromChinatotheAmazons• 800millionpigsslaughteredyearly
• 8millionhectaresofsoymonoculture
• 80milliontonsofAmazonsoytoproduceChinesepork
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thelocustcorporation• financialpowersjumptofollowsoyandpigs
• in2008,GoldmanSachsdivertsassetsfromderivativestofoodchains,buying25%ofShuanghui,whichin2013buysSmithfieldFoods,theworldlargestpigandporkproducer
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overshootday• EarthOvershootDaymarksthedateintheyearwhenwehaveusedmoreresourcesfromnaturethanecosystemscanregenerate
• thisyearweareusing1.7Earths;throughoverfishing,overharvesting,andpollutingmorethanEarthcanabsorb,in2018EarthOvershootDaycameonAugust1st
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financeandhunger
• in2008,thepriceofall25mainrawmaterialsincreasedatthesametime;whileusuallysomepricesriseandothersfall,thisincreaseinunisonisuniqueinhistory
• noparticularnaturaleventtookplacein2008:nofloodsordroughtsthattriggeredthatincreaseinthepriceofriceorwheat
• thecausewasthehugemassofcapitalfleeingfromthesubprimemortgagecollapse
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todayfinanceisanendinitself
• theroleoffinanceasservingtheeconomyislost,andfinancetodaymeansmakingmoneyoutofmoneyquickly
• hencethegigantismoffinancialmarkets:in1990WallStreetwasasbigas35% ofUSGDP;beforethecrisisin2006itexceeded350%
• i.e.:thereisahypertrophicmassofpurelyspeculativetransactionswhoseexpectedprofitslargelyexceedrealproductionprofits
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casino-finance&catastrophe
instabilityistheessenceofcasinofinance,notjustasideeffect:speculatorsbuyjusttomakepricesgoupandthensellatahigherprice– thegreaterandquickertheincrease,themoretheywillgain;thegreaterthedisaster,themorelucrativethegame
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hunger!
sincetherearenorulesonspeculatingagainstfoodprices(andhunger!)thefoodmarket,naturallysubjecttopricefluctuations,becomesanidealhuntingground
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theWallStreetbull
• financialspeculationhasdisastrouseffectsontheworldwideproductionofagro-goods
• arationalandfairproductionoffoodisageneralconcerntobeprotectedbyinternationallawagainstprivatetransnationalinterests
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thelittlebull(torèt)
today:844millionlackproperaccesstodrinkingwater(WHO&UNICEF,ProgressonDrinkingWater,Sanitation andHygiene– 2017UpdateandSDGBaselines)
815millionarechronicallyundernourished(FAO,IFAD,UNICEF,WFPandWHO,TheStateofFoodInsecurityandNutritionintheWorld.Building resilienceforpeaceandfoodsecurity,2017)
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theVillarceaux bull
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food,theEarth&humanlabour
• foodispartofacomplexbalancebetweenagriculture,environment,healthandculture
• onthecontrary,marketsregardfoodasamereproduct(foodasaprivategoodmakeshungerstilltriumphinaworldoflavishness)
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WHYISIT?
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theethosofthecommons
• the“commons”arespaces,servicesandgoodsfunctionaltotheprotectionbothofbasicindividualrightsandvitalpublicinterests
• theyarecrucialforthefreedevelopmentoftheindividualasahumanbeing
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whathistoryactuallyshows
• moreequalsocietiesaremoreprosperous–i.e.societieswithafairdistributionofwealthworkbetternotonlysociallybutalsoeconomically
• theycannotdowithoutthecommons,i.e.goodsandservicesfunctionaltotheprotectionbothofsocialequityandofindividualrights
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globalcommons
• somecommonsgobeyondalocalperspectivetoreachaglobaldimension:
• naturalcommonssuchasgreatwaterreserves,acleanenvironment,climatestability,biodiversity,andtheozoneshield
• human-madecommonsliketransnationalinfrastructures(theinternet)
• globalpolicyobjectiveslikepeace,security,sustainability,monetaryandfinancialstability
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Pacha Mama:acommonworldglobalcommonsareessentialforafairand“regenerative”world;theysatisfytheneedofthepresentgenerationwithoutforeclosingoptionsforthefutureones;yet,theyareunderprovidedduetothelackofnationalandinternationalregulation
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aworldofcommons
• greatmigrationsofcapital,goodsandpeoplechallengethedistinctionbetweennationalandinternationalissues
• issueslikelabour exploitation,inequality,foodscarcity,andclimatechangeenlargebeyondstatebordersthedutiesofnations,makingthemtransnational
• globalcommonsshouldbeenjoyedinaninclusiveandnon-rivalway,whiletheirsituationiscriticalfordepletion&lackoflegalsafeguards
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foodasahumanright
foodisabasichumanrightcrucialforpeaceandsecurity,humanitarianassistance,innovativesourcesoffinancingfordevelopment,monetaryandfinancialstabilityUN(2003),MonterreyConsensusonFinancingforDevelopment,FinaltextUN(2008),DohaDeclarationonFinancingforDevelopment
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labour asahumanright
everyonehastherighttowork,tofree choice ofemployment,tojustandfavorableconditionsofworkandtoprotectionagainstunemploymenteveryonewhoworkshastherighttojustandfavorable remuneration ensuringforhimselfandhisfamilyanexistenceworthyofhuman dignity,andsupplemented,ifnecessary,byothermeansof socialprotectionUnitedNations(1948),TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,art.23
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foodasglobalknowledge
foodproducesvariousutilitiesbothasaculturalgoodandasamaterialgoodgeneratedby(agri)culturaltechniquesasharedknowledgeaboutfoodproductionandpreparationthatguaranteestheecologicalcycleoflifeisaglobalcommons
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thecityasacommons• citizenscollectivelyproducedifferentkindsofvaluesandcandecidewhichofthemwillremaincommonsandwhichwillbeturnintoacommodity,e.g.language,ideas,art,products.
• canwemakefoodintoacommonsresource?
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Francis,food&labour
“Thereisagreatvarietyofsmall-scalefoodproductionsystemswhichfeedthegreaterpartoftheworld’speoples,usingamodestamountoflandandproducinglesswaste.Economiesofscaleendupforcingsmallholderstoselltheirlandortoabandontheirtraditionalcrops.”(Laudato Si’,129)
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alocalfuture
• localdietscanbeabasisforaregenerativepolicyonagricultureandfood
• theyprotectlocalproductsandlabour• theypromotetheknowledgeofthelocalenvironmentandthecultureoftheterritory,andprovidethebasisfortheircollectiveprotection
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thecurrentcrisis
• therevivalofalmostforgottenfoodtraditionscanconfrontthestandardizationoffoodproductioncausedbysupermarketdistribution
• thecrisisclearlyshowshowworldwidefoodchainsaredistortedbyfinancialspeculation,revealingthecatastrophethatcasinofinancecanbefortheregenerationoflifeonthisplanet
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TerraMadre“Atechnologicalandeconomicdevelopmentwhichdoesnotleaveinitswakeabetterworldandanintegrallyhigherqualityoflifecannotbeconsideredprogress.Frequently,infact,people’squalityoflifeactuallydiminishes– bythedeteriorationoftheenvironment,thelowqualityoffoodorthedepletionofresources– inthemidstofeconomicgrowth,andtalkofsustainablegrowthusuallybecomesawayofdistractingattentionandofferingexcuses,absorbingthelanguageandvaluesofecologyintothecategoriesoffinanceandtechnocracy.”(Laudato Si’,194)
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foraregenerativeworldathickideologicalapparatustodayproclaimsitsfaithintechnologicalinnovationasaconditionsufficientforsurvival
buttherewillbenofuturewithoutaradicalethicalshifttoadifferentlabour marketandarenewed“glocal”foodchain
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thankyou!!!