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Pierre Meulien Presentation: The Innovation Economy: How Genomics could change your world
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Transcript of Pierre Meulien Presentation: The Innovation Economy: How Genomics could change your world
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The Innovation Economy:How Genomics could change your world
Pierre MeulienPresident and CEO, Genome Canada
October 2013
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What City Age Attendees May Be Interested In !
• The food we produce and consume- its quality, safety and identity
• The accountability we have for our own health maintenance
• Respect for the biodiversity in both rural and urban areas
• The safety and security of water supply for human consumption (environment)
• The storage and management of information especially as it regards privacy concerns and links to human rights
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Food
Energy Climate
Population
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WORLD POPULATION GROWTH
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Biology is central to many of the challenges we are facing
If the 20th century was that of the silicon revolution…….
The 21st century will be that of BIOLOGY
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2009
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Main Biotechnology Fields
There are three principal ways biotechnology is applied:
1. Primary Production – Primary production includes all living natural resources, such as forests, plant crops, livestock animals, insects, fish and other marine resources
2. Health – Health applications include pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, nutraceuticals and some medical devices
3. Industry – Industrial applications cover chemicals, plastics, enzymes, mining, pulp and paper, biofuels, and environmental applications such as bioremediation to clean up polluted soils
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GENOMICS
Main Biotechnology Fields
There are three principal ways biotechnology is applied:
1. Primary Production – Primary production includes all living natural resources, such as forests, plant crops, livestock animals, insects, fish and other marine resources
2. Health – Health applications include pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, nutraceuticals and some medical devices
3. Industry – Industrial applications cover chemicals, plastics, enzymes, mining, pulp and paper, biofuels, and environmental applications such as bioremediation to clean up polluted soils
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If it lives on this planet…
…it has a GENOME
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GENOMES are made out of DNA
DNA contains the “code of life” which can be “read”
Our ability to read this code has been revolutionized
over the past decade
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11
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The first human genome took 10 years and $3 Billion to decipher
Any one of several Genome Centres in Canada can now complete
the same task in 2 days for $3K
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SO WHAT??
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1 Story… Undiagnosed Neurodegeneration
http://www.ottawacitizen.com/technologyDecember 4, 2011
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Personalized Medicine
Spectrum of Genetic Contribution to Disease
Very rare single gene disorders
More common single gene disorders• CF• Hemophilia• MD• HD
Disorders with prominent genetic contribution• Childhood cancer• BRCA 1/2 Breast cancer• Some forms of autism
spectrum disorders• Adverse Drug Reactions
Genetic susceptibility to certain common diseases• Colon cancer• Certain cardiovascular
diseases• Certain forms of Alzheimer
Most common chronic diseases with many genetic factors but also major environmental factors contributing to disease onset
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DNA is in all forms of life on earth
We can use DNA based tools to study Biodiversity
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Building A DNA-Based ID System For All Species
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Barcoding the Planet (2012)
1 - 10 11 - 100 >100
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International Barcode of Life
Paul Hebert (U. of Guelph)Global DNA-based species registration system based on sequence of short mitochondrial DNA
fragment
Goal:• 5 Million Specimens
• 500,000 Species• in 5 years
• 27 Partner Nations>120 Research Groups
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SO WHAT??
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New York City seafood sellers don’t know a tuna from a tilapia. Close to 60% of big retail stores, and 40% of
mom-and-pop locations, sold fish that was mislabeled, a new study reveals
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European horsemeat scandal turns into blame game
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Ontario residents can breathe a sigh of relief. Experts just completed a random DNA check of beef burgers at Burger King, Harvey’s, McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Dairy Queen and A & W.
They also looked at frozen food products, including those from Lick’s, Schneiders, Loblaws, Webers, Food Basics and M &M Meat Shops.
Everything tested at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, based at the University of Guelph, came back as 100 per cent beef, they reported Monday.
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The Origins of Life
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BEEM: Bioproducts and Enzymes from Environmental Metagenomes
Elizabeth Edwards (U. of Toronto)David Major (Geosyntec Consultants)
• Optimization of anaerobic digestion in pulp & paper mill
• Bioremediation of chlorinated solvents
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ForestLumber Mill Pulp Mill
Power Plant
Chips
Energy
Cooking Liquor
Lumber, Paneling
Pulp
Biomass
Fermentation to Ethanol;
Byproduct: Lignosulfonates
Paper, Boxes, Cartons, Tissue, Diapers, Coatings,
Textiles, Food, Pharmaceuticals
Slash
Tembec Temiscaming Bio-Refinery:A model for the future bioeconomy
Bark
WW Treatment
Anaerobic Digestor
All Mill Wastewater
Methane
Sludge
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Bioremediation of chlorinated solvents The Story of KB-1
Dirt in a bottle:
microcosms
Select & Enrich
Commercial production & field
application
10 years
Understand
time
Trichloroethene
• Genomic knowledge promises significant acceleration
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Data Overload - Informatics
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Genomics• Disruptive Technology
• Crosses all areas of the life sciences
• Will have profound impacts on:
How we view our own personal health and well-being How we produce food and ensure it’s safety How we monitor our environment and sustain precious
natural resources
• We need to introduce (integrate) these new technologies into society in a responsible way
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Thank you