PICTURE START
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PICTURE
START
“The Cone is a visual analogy, and like all
analogies, it does not bear an exact and detailed
relationship to complex elements it represents.”
- Edgar Dale -
Given 11 randomized bands of the Cone of Experience, arrange the jumbled bands
in order inside a cone according to the degree of
abstraction.
Direct Purposeful Experiences
Dramatized Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Visual Symbols
Verbal Symbols
Demonstrations
Study Trips
Educational Television
Exhibits
Recordings: Radio, Still Pictures
Motion Pictures
EDGAR DALE’S: THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE
Verbal Symbols
Visual Symbols
Recordings, Radio, Still Pictures
Motion Pictures
Educational Television
Exhibits
Study Trips
Demonstrations
Dramatized Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Direct Purposeful Experiences
First hand experience that serve as the foundation of
learning.
Learning by doing.
Direct Purposeful Experiences
We make use of a representative models or
mock ups of reality for practical reasons.
Contrived Experiences
By dramatization, we can participate in a
reconstructed experience even though the original
event is far removed from us in time.
Dramatized Experiences
A visualized explanation of an important fact, idea,
or process by the use of photographs, drawings,
films, displays, or guided motion.
Demonstrations
Excursions or visits conducted to observe an event that is unavailable
inside the classroom.
Study Trips
Displays to be seen by spectators.
Exhibits
Reconstruct reality of the past so effectively.
Television & Motion Pictures
These are visual and auditory devices may be
used by individual or group.
Recordings, Radio, Still Pictures
No longer realistic reproduction of physical
things for these are highly abstract representation.
Charts, graphs, maps, diagram
Visual Symbols
These are not like object or ideas for which they stand. They usually do
not contain a visual clues to their meaning.
Verbal Symbols
What are the implications of the
cone of experience in the teaching learning
process?
Do not use only one medium of
communication. Do not proceed with the
abstract without adequate foundation of
the concrete.
Don’t get stuck with the concrete. Let us strive to bring our students to the
symbolic abstract level to develop their higher
thinking skills.
Small Group Work
If you teach a lesson on the meaning of ½, 1/3, and ¼
how will you proceed if you follow the pattern in Dale’s
Cone of Experience beginning with the
concrete moving toward the abstract.
Making Connection
How does the dictum in philosophy “there is
nothing in mind that was not first in the senses”
relate what you learned from the cone of
experience?
Alfred North Whitehead said: “In the Garden of Eden, Adam
saw the animals before he named them. In the traditional
system, children name the animals before they see
them.” How would you relate this remark to the Cone of
Experience?