PIC Trainer Kit User Manual

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    User Reference

    Revision v1.01

    PIC Trainer Ki

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    Table of Contents

    INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

    1 LAYOUT OF THE PIC TRAINER KIT ................................................................................................................... 6

    2 POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................. 7

    3 PIC BOARD..................................................................................................................................................... 7

    3.1 FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................. 8

    3.2 PICSUPPORTED ......................................................................................................................................... 8

    3.3 OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................ 9

    3.4 SWITCHES............................................................................................................................................... 10

    3.4.1 Reset switch .................................................................................................................................... 10

    3.4.2 Mode Select Switch.......................................................................................................................... 10

    3.5 HOW TO PROGRAM? ................................................................................................................................. 10

    3.5.1 ICD2 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 10

    3.5.2 JDM programming ........................................................................................................................... 15

    3.6 MAX 232(RS 232)................................................................................................................................. 17

    3.7 EEPROM .............................................................................................................................................. 18

    4 I/O BOARD .................................................................................................................................................. 19

    4.1 USING I/O BOARD TO GIVE INPUT TO PORT PIN PX ........................................................................................... 20

    4.2 USING I/O BOARD AS OUTPUT TO PORT PINS ................................................................................................... 20

    4.3 PORT MAPPING FOR SWITCHES AND LEDS....................................................................................................... 21

    5 MOTOR / RELAY BOARD .............................................................................................................................. 21

    5.1 USING MOTOR/ RELAY BOARD TO DRIVE A STEPPER MOTOR ................................................................................ 22

    5.1.1 Motor Connector Configuration ....................................................................................................... 23

    5.1.2 Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board............................................................................ 23

    5.2 USING MOTOR/ RELAY BOARD TO DRIVE A ACLOAD ......................................................................................... 24

    5.2.1 Relay Connector Configuration......................................................................................................... 24

    5.2.2 Connecting an AC bulb to the relay .................................................................................................. 25

    6 SEVEN SEGMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 25

    6.1 OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 25

    6.2 SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 25

    6.3 FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS................................................................................................................................. 26

    6.4 MAIN CONNECTOR ................................................................................................................................... 26

    7 555 TIMER (SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR) AND BUZZER............................................................................... 27

    8 PIN CONFIGURATION OF KEYPAD CONNECTOR ........................................................................................... 27

    9 PIN CONFIGURATION OF LCD CONNECTOR .................................................................................................. 28

    10 APPENDIX A: CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS ................................................................................................................ 30

    10.1 POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................................ 30

    10.2 PIC BOARD ........................................................................................................................................... 31

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    10.3 I/O BOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 32

    10.4 MOTOR RELAY BOARD............................................................................................................................... 33

    10.5 SEGMENT DISPLAY .................................................................................................................................... 34

    11 APPENDIX B: PCB LAYOUTS ......................................................................................................................... 35

    11.1 POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................................ 35

    11.2 PICBOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 36

    11.3 I/O BOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 38

    11.4 MOTOR RELAY BOARD............................................................................................................................... 39

    11.5 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY ................................................................................................................................. 40

    11.6 BASE BOARD ........................................................................................................................................... 42

    12 APPENDIX C: THINGS TO BE TAKEN CARE OF IN NEXT VERSION ............................................................... 43

    12.1 I/O BOARD: ............................................................................................................................................ 43

    13 APPENDIX D: CONTACT US .......................................................................................................................... 43

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    List of Figures

    Figure 1: Layout of PIC trainer Kit ............................................................................................................ 6

    Figure 2: Selecting ICD2 programmer from MPLAB ................................................................................ 12

    Figure 3: Connecting ICD2 to PIC kit ....................................................................................................... 12

    Figure 4: Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board .................................................................. 24

    Figure 5: Connecting an AC bulb to the relay ......................................................................................... 25

    Figure 6: Block diagram of the LED board. ............................................................................................. 26

    Figure 7: Power Supply Circuit Diagram ................................................................................................. 30

    Figure 8: PIC BOARD .............................................................................................................................. 31

    Figure 9: I/O Board ................................................................................................................................ 32

    Figure 10: Motor Relay Board ................................................................................................................ 33

    Figure 11: 7-Segment Display ................................................................................................................ 34

    Figure 12: Power Supply Component Layout.......................................................................................... 35

    Figure 13: Power Supply Bottom Layer .................................................................................................. 35

    Figure 14: PIC Board Component Layout ................................................................................................ 36

    Figure 15: PIC Board Top Layer .............................................................................................................. 36

    Figure 16: PIC Board Bottom Layer ........................................................................................................ 37

    Figure 17: I/O Board Component Layout ................................................................................................ 38

    Figure 18: I/O Board Top Layer .............................................................................................................. 38

    Figure 19: I/O Board Bottom Layout ...................................................................................................... 39

    Figure 20: Motor Relay Board Component Layout ................................................................................. 39

    Figure 21: Motor Relay Board Top Layer ................................................................................................ 40

    Figure 22: Motor Relay Board Bottom Layer .......................................................................................... 40

    Figure 23: Seven Segment Layout .......................................................................................................... 41

    Figure 24: Base Board layout ................................................................................................................. 42

    List of Tables

    Table 4-1: Port mapping for switches and LEDs ...................................................................................... 21

    Table 5-1 : Port mapping for using Motor driver .................................................................................... 23

    Table 5-2: Motor connector configurations............................................................................................ 23

    Table 5-3: Port mapping for using relay ................................................................................................. 24

    Table 5-4 : Relay Connector Configuration ............................................................................................. 24

    Table 6-1:Seven segment connector ...................................................................................................... 27

    Table 8-1:Keypad Connector .................................................................................................................. 28Table 9-1:LCD Data lines Connector ....................................................................................................... 28

    Table 9-2:LCD Contol lines connector .................................................................................................... 29

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    Introduction

    Most of the trainer kits that are available in the laboratories of different institutions are of

    very high cost and is difficult to use because of their small size and/or complex functionalities.

    Also the cost for maintenance is observed high mostly because of the unavailability of the

    components.

    The PIC Trainer Kit is developed as a first step to provide low cost solutions for the

    above common issues. The kit is very handy to be used in a laboratory with a reduced

    complexity in functionalities. It is designed in such a way that it has most of the functionalities

    that are necessary to do the experiments in a laboratory. The entire kit uses components which

    are easily available in the market. This makes the maintenance of the kit cheap in terms of cost.

    The PIC Trainer Kit is designed to support a wide variety of PIC microcontrollers. The

    PIC can be programmed either through a serial port or using ICD2 which uses the USB.

    The different peripherals associated with the kit are

    (1) Switches and LEDs to control and observe the states of different port pins of the PIC.

    (2) Seven segment LED display (Serial data and control)

    (3) Hex Keypad

    (4) Stepper motor driver

    (5) Relay to drive AC devices

    (6) LCD Display

    (7) Square wave generator with variable frequency

    (8) Bread board to assemble small circuits

    All these features are provided on the Kit without any compromise in quality at a

    reasonable cost.

    The Kit is developed as part of a project done at National Institute of Technology, Calicut

    by a group of students doing M.Tech in Electronics Design and Technology.

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    1 Layout of the PIC trainer kit

    Layout of the trainer kit showing the positions of different peripheral boards are shown

    below.

    Figure 1: Layout of PIC trainer Kit

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    2 Power Supply

    An external power supply designed to give regulated 5V, 1 Amps is used along with this kit.

    3 PIC Board

    All these features are provided on the Kit without any compromise in quality at a reasonable

    cost.

    1. UART Connector

    2. Power Connector

    3. Power Switch

    4. ICD2 Connector5. Reset Switch

    6. Mode Select Switch (Program/Normal)

    7. PIC port pin connector 1

    8. Mode indication LED (Programming /Normal)

    9. 28 pin PIC socket

    10. 40 pin PIC socket & PIC 18f4520

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    11. ICSP connector

    12. PIC port pin connector 2

    3.1 Features Supports 40 pin PIC and 28 pin PIC

    256K byte EEPROM

    RS-232serial port

    In-circuit serial programming of the microcontroller

    ICD2

    JDM based serial programmer

    Expansion bus interface to peripheral boards

    Reset switch

    Power ON Switch

    Switch for selecting programming mode and normal mode

    LED for indicating power status

    LED to indicate programming mode

    Crystal Oscillator - 10MHz

    3.2 PIC supported

    It supports 40 pin PIC 16F and PIC18F series with

    MCLR - PIN 1

    VDD - PIN 11

    VSS - PIN 12

    VSS PIN 31

    VDD PIN 32

    PGM PIN 38

    PGC PIN 39

    PGD PIN 40

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    28 pin PIC 16F and PIC18F series with

    MCLR - PIN 1

    VDD - PIN 8

    VSS PIN 19

    VDD PIN 20

    PGM PIN 26

    PGC PIN 27

    PGD PIN 28

    3.3 Oscillator configuration

    External Crystal frequency 20MHz

    Some PICs have internal Oscillators .If you are using this feature, modify oscillator

    configuration as given in Datasheet)

    Select Oscillator mode HS (High Speed Crystal/Resonator) in PIC

    configuration.

    Or user can program three configuration bits (FOSC2, FOSC1, and FOSC0) to select this mode

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    3.4 Switches

    3.4.1 Reset switch

    Connected to the MCLR pin of PIC (Active low logic)

    To Reset the PIC Press and release the push button.

    3.4.2 Mode Select Switch

    To select Programming mode / normal mode

    The switch status is indicated by an on board LED. RED LED glows when in

    Programming mode.

    In Programming mode MCLR pin is connected to the programmer ICD2/JDM.And

    hence PIC remains in RESET state.

    After programming, change the switch position to normal mode. There is no need to

    remove the ICD2 cable.

    3.5 How to program?

    Two programming modes are available

    Using ICD2 (in circuit debugger)

    JDM serial programmer

    Make sure PIC is in Programming mode.

    Make sure no Peripheral device/board is connected to Port B (RB7, RB6 & RB5).

    3.5.1 ICD2

    MPLAB ICD 2 is real-time debugger and programmer for selected PIC

    MCUs

    and dsPIC DSCs. Using Microchip Technology's proprietary In-Circuit

    Debug functions, programs can be downloaded, executed in real time and

    examined in detail with the debug functions of MPLAB. Set watch

    variables and breakpoints from symbolic labels in C or assembly

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    source code, and single step through C source lines or into assembly code. MPLAB ICD 2 can

    also be used as a development programmer for supported MCUs.

    3.5.1.1 ICD2 Featur es

    USB (Full Speed 2 M bits/s) & RS-232 interface to host PC

    Real time background debugging

    MPLAB IDE GUI (free copy included)

    Built in over-voltage/short circuit monitor

    Firmware upgradeable from PC

    Totally enclosed

    Supports low voltage to 2.0 volts. (2.0 to 6.0 range)

    Diagnostic LEDs (Power, Busy, Error)

    Reading/Writing memory space and EEDATA areas of target microcontroller

    Programs configuration bits

    Erase of program memory space with verification

    Peripheral freeze-on-halt stops timers at breakpoints

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    Figure 2: Selecting ICD2 programmer from MPLAB

    Figure 3: Connecting ICD2 to PIC kit

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    3.5 .1 .2 ICD2 programming

    1. Start MPLAB IDE

    2. Select project/project wizard

    3. Select device and tool suite

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    4. Give project name and finish

    5. Add header, library and linker files

    6. Create a new source file and add it to project

    7. Set configuration bits and build the project.

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    3.5.2 JDM programming

    The PICPgm Development Programmer Software is a free and simple In-System-Development

    Programmer Software for the Microchip PIC microcontrollers.

    The programmer has the following features:

    Graphical User Interface and Command Line version available

    Runs on Windows 9x/ME/2k/XP/Vista and Linux (for WIN 2k/XP/Vista an include

    driver is used to access the parallel port)

    Automatically detects the PIC device and uses the appropriate programming method

    Programs flash memory (code), internal EEPROM and configuration bits from data of

    HEX file

    Designed to allow In-System-Programming and low-voltage programming (no

    programming voltage needed!)

    Programmer pins can be configured (pin assignment, inverted/non inverted pin)

    STEP 1:- Connect programmer and run PICPgm software

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    STEP 2:- Load hex file

    STEP 3:-Enter configuration bits

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    STEP 4:-Click on program pic button

    3.6 MAX 232 (RS 232)

    The PIC18 has two pins that are used specifically for transferring and receiving data

    serially. These two pins are

    RX (PORT C7,Pin 26 ) TX (PORT C6,Pin 25)

    These pins are TTL compatible; therefore they require a line driver (voltage converter) to

    make them RS232 compatible. The MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL

    voltage levels and vice versa. One advantage of the MAX232 chip is that it uses a +5V supply,

    which is the same as the source voltage for the PIC18.

    MAX 232

    DB9 male

    5

    9

    4

    8

    3

    7

    2

    6

    1

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    Rx and Txare cross connected on the board. Therefore make sure that serial cable is not

    cross connected.

    Use serial cable with Female connector on both ends

    Sample code

    #i ncl udevoi dSerTx(unsi gned char ) ;voi d mai n( ){

    TXSTA=0x20; / / choose l ow Baud r at e, 8 bi tSPBRG=15; / / 9600 baud r at e / XTAL = 10MHz

    TXSTAbi t s. TXEN=1;RCSTAbi t s. SPEN=1;whi l e( 1){SerTx( ' A' ) ;SerTx( ' B' ) ;SerTx( ' C' ) ;SerTx( ' 1' ) ;SerTx( ' 2' ) ;SerTx( ' 3' ) ;}}voi dSerTx( unsi gned char c){whi l e ( PI R1bi t s. TXI F==0) ; / / Wai t unt i l t r ansmi t t ed

    TXREG=c; / / Pl ace char act er i n Buf f er

    3.7 EEPROM

    Atmel AT24C256B, which has 262,144 bits of serial electrically erasable and

    programmableread-only memory (EEPROM) organized as 32,768 words of 8 bits each.

    pin 5 is serial data,

    pin 6 is serial clock input,

    pin 5 is connected to the SDA (pin 23) of the microcontroller through a jumper,

    pin 6 is connected to the SCK (pin 18) of the microcontroller using a jumper.

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    4 I/O Board

    The I/O Board is used to give input to the ports of the microcontroller. It can also be used

    to know the status of the port pins.,i.e. it can also be used as a output device.

    1. Power Connector

    2. Female Connector

    3. IO Switch (IOSWx)

    4. Power Switch

    5. LED (LEDx)

    6. Power LED

    7. Input Switch (IPSWx)

    8. Push Button Switch (PBSWx)

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    Entire board is powered through the power switch (marked as POWER SWITCH in

    PCB) and the green LED on the board (marked as POWER LED on PCB) indicates the power.

    4.1 Using I/O Board to give input to port pin Px

    Keep the IO switch IOSWx* at position 1 (Position 1 is marked as I/P on the PCB.)Use the Input Swith IPSWx* to connect the port pin, Px* to Vcc or Ground, i.e., to give a

    high or low to Px*. To give logic HIGH, keep the Input Switch at position 1 shown in PCB.

    Similarly for giving logic LOW keep the Input Switch at position 0.

    Use the Pushbutton switch PBSWx* to give trigger to the port pin Px. Pushing the

    pushbutton switch, PBSWx, gives logic LOW. Make sure that the switch IPSWx in position 1 for

    correct functionality.

    (* See Port mapping for switches and LEDs Section 4.3 )

    4.2 Using I/O Board as output to port pins

    Keep the IO switch IOSWx* at position 2 (Position 2 is marked as O/P on the PCB).

    This makes the LEDx* to display the status of the port pin Px*.

    (* See Port mapping for switches and LEDs Section 4.3 )

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    4.3 Port mapping for switches and LEDs

    Table 4-1 shows the port mapping for different switches.

    Table 4-1: Port mapping for switches and LEDs

    Port Pin, Px IO Switch,

    IOSWx

    LEDx Input Switch,

    IPSWx

    Pushbutton

    Switch, PBSWx

    P0 SW9 LED P0 SW1 SW17

    P1 SW10 LED P1 SW2 SW18

    P2 SW11 LED P2 SW3 SW19

    P3 SW12 LED P3 SW4 SW20

    P4 SW13 LED P4 SW5 SW21

    P5 SW14 LED P5 SW6 SW22

    P6 SW15 LED P6 SW7 SW23

    P7 SW16 LED P7 SW8 SW24

    5 Motor / Relay Board

    The microcontroller can be used to drive a four phase uni-polar stepper motor* and/or

    control a relay using the Motor/ Relay Board.

    (* Current rating for each coil of the stepper motor should be less than or equal to

    600mA)

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    1. Power Connector

    2. Power Switch

    3. JP5 to JP12

    4. JP1 to JP4

    5. Female Connector

    6. JP13 to JP20

    7. Motor Connector

    8. Relay Connector

    5.1 Using Motor/ Relay board to drive a stepper motor

    Micro controller can send the control signals for driving the unipolar stepper motor to the

    port pins P0, P1, P2, and P3. Each port can be connected to 2 inputs of the IC ULN2003 as

    given in the table 5.1.

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    The inputs can be chosen using the corresponding jumpers as mentioned in the table.

    Make sure that the output Ox of ULN2003 is chosen using the jumpers JP13 to JP 20 when the

    input used is Ix.

    Stepper motor can be connected to the driver circuit using the Motor connector provided

    in the board. See section 5.1.1 for Motor Connector configurations.

    Table 5-1 : Port mapping for using Motor driver

    Port Pin, Px ULN Input Input Jumper ULN Output Output Jumper

    P0 I7 JP12 O7 JP20

    I6 JP11 O6 JP19

    P1 I6 JP10 O6 JP18

    I5 JP9 O5 JP17

    P2 I4 JP8 O4 JP16

    I3 JP7 O3 JP15P3 I2 JP6 O2 JP14

    I1 JP5 O1 JP13

    5.1.1 Motor Connector Configuration

    Table 5.2 gives the motor connector configurations

    Table 5-2: Motor connector configurations

    Motor Connector Pins Connections for stepper motor

    1 Vcc2 GND

    3 Coil 1

    4 Coil 2

    5 Coil 3

    6 Coil 4

    7 GND

    5.1.2 Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board

    Connection to drive a stepper motor using this Motor/ Relay Board is shown below

    (Figure 5.1-1)

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    Figure 4: Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board

    5.2 Using Motor/ Relay board to drive a AC load

    The relay on the Motor/ Relay Board can be driven by using any of the port pins P4, P5,

    P6, and P7.The port pin Px can be chosen using the jumpers JP1, JP2, JP3 or JP4 as given in the port

    mapping table 5-3.

    Making the port pin Px logic LOW will energizes the relay coil. By default the relay is in

    Normally Closed mode.

    See Section 5.2.1 for relay connector configurations.

    Table 5-3: Port mapping for using relay

    Port Pin, Px Jumper to be used

    P4 JP4

    P5 JP3

    P6 JP2

    P7 JP1

    5.2.1 Relay Connector Configuration

    Table 5-4 shown below gives the relay connector configurations.

    Table 5-4 : Relay Connector Configuration

    Relay Connector Pins Operation mode of relay*

    1 NC

    2 COM

    3 NO

    (* NC: Normally Closed; NO: Normally open; COM: Common pin)

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    5.2.2 Connecting an AC bulb to the relay

    Connection to glow a 230V AC bulb using the relay circuit is shown below (Figure 5.2-

    1).Providing a logic LOW at connector pin 8 will glow the 230 V AC bulb.

    Figure 5: Connecting an AC bulb to the relay

    6 Seven Segment

    6.1 Overview

    LED is peripheral board with four 7-segment LED displays with decimal point. The

    displays are placed on DIL-40 socket and can be easily replaced. 4-digit LED driver SAA1064

    from Philips Semiconductors with I2C-Bus interface is installed to this board. The segment

    outputs of LED-driver are controllable current-sink sources. To prevent a damaging of LED

    driver the current limit resistors are added to the board. Segment outputs are switched on by the

    corresponding data bits and their current is adjusted by control bits. LED driver on the board is

    controlled via an I2C-compatible serial bus.

    6.2 Specifications

    Four 7-segment LED displays with decimal point

    DIL-40 socket for a placing of LED displays

    4-digit LED driver SAA1064

    Control scheme for multiplexing

    Current limit resistors

    Expansion Bus Connector

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    Main Connector

    6.3 Functional Blocks

    Figure 6: Block diagram of the LED board.

    6.4 Main Connector

    LED board can be powered from 5 Volts DC available on peripheral board using two pin

    connector.

    I2C control (SDA, SCL) pins are available on the 2-pin Main connector.

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    Table 6-1:Seven segment connector

    Signal Pin

    SDA 1

    SCL 2

    7 555 TIMER (SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR) AND BUZZER.

    A square wave generator circuit is provided so that a square wave can be used as input to

    PIC whenever needed(No need of using functional generator). A pin is provided to take the

    output of 555Timer.

    A 5V buzzer is also provided to use whenever necessary for indication. A pin is provided

    to give input to the buzzer.

    A two pin connector is provided in which one is to take the output of 555Timer and other

    to give input to the buzzer.

    8 Pin configuration of Keypad connector8 pins of PORTB are connected to the Keypad connector. This connector can also be used as

    a general-purpose port. PORTB(RB0,RB1,RB2,RB3) are used to control rows of keypad.

    PORTB (RB4, RB5, RB6, RB7) are used to control columns.

    We can also use PORTC or PORTD to connect to keypad using FRC cable.

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    Table 8-1:Keypad Connector

    Signal Pin Pin

    RB0 1

    RB1 2

    RB2 3

    RB3 4

    RB4 5

    RB5 6

    RB6 7

    RB7 8

    9 Pin configuration of LCD Connector

    This connector has two 8 bit connectors (RD0, RD1, RD2, RD3,RD4,RD5,RD6,RD7) for

    data signals and, (RE0, RE1, RE2 )are the control signals. All these lines can be used as General

    purpose I/O. RE0- RE2 can serve as analog inputs. A preset is provided to adjust contrast of

    LCD display.

    Table 9-1:LCD Data lines Connector

    Signal

    Pin(DATA)

    Pin

    RD0 1

    RD1 2

    RD2 3

    RD3 4

    RD4 5

    RD5 6

    RD6 7

    RD 7 8

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    Table 9-2:LCD Contol lines connector

    Signal

    Pin(CONTROL)

    Pin

    RE0 1

    RE1 2

    RE2 3

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    10 Appendix A: Circuit Diagrams

    Circuit diagrams of all the boards are given below in this section.

    10.1 Power Supply

    Figure 7: Power Supply Circuit Diagram

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    10.2 PIC BOARD

    re 9-2: PIC BOARDre8: PIC BOARD

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    10.3 I/O Board

    Figure 9: I/O Board

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    10.4 Motor Relay Board

    Figure 10: Motor Relay Board

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    10.5 Segment Display

    Figure 11: 7-Segment Display

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    11 Appendix B: PCB Layouts

    PCB layouts of different boards on the PIC Trainer Kit are given below.

    11.1 Power Supply

    Figure 12: Power Supply Component Layout

    Figure 13: Power Supply Bottom Layer

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    11.2 PIC Board

    Figure 14: PIC Board Component Layout

    Figure 15: PIC Board Top Layer

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    Figure 16: PIC Board Bottom Layer

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    11.3 I/O Board

    Figure 17: I/O Board Component Layout

    Figure 18: I/O Board Top Layer

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    Figure 19: I/O Board Bottom Layout

    11.4 Motor Relay Board

    Figure 20: Motor Relay Board Component Layout

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    Figure 21: Motor Relay Board Top Layer

    Figure 22: Motor Relay Board Bottom Layer

    11.5 7-Segment Display

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    Figure 23: Seven Segment Layout

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    11.6 Base Board

    Figure 24: Base Board layout

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    12 Appendix C: Things to be taken care of in next version

    12.1 I/O Board:

    All LEDs on the I/O Board are ON by default. i.e, if the Port Connector is left floating

    the LEDs are ON. To eliminate this unwanted power loss, it is better to give a pull down resistor

    at the input of all the inverters which is used as LED driver.

    But this issue can be considered useful as it can indicate whether all the LEDs/inverters are

    working or not.

    Keeping both these factors in mind a solution need to be figured out for this issue.

    13 Appendix D: Contact Us

    You can contact any of us for further information

    1. Appu Alex @ [email protected]

    2. Biradar Sunil B @ [email protected]

    3. Dilshad Rashid A. A @ [email protected]

    4. Rajesh S.R @ [email protected]

    5. Sandheep V @ [email protected]

    6. Sekhar G @ [email protected]

    7. Sharath V @ [email protected]

    8. Vijesh P @ [email protected]

    9. Vishnukanth G @ [email protected]

    Or you can contact any of the faculty members at NIT Calicut

    1. Raghu C. V @ [email protected]

    2. Lyla B Das @ [email protected]. B. Bhuvan @[email protected]

    mailto:appualex:@gmail.commailto:s.b.biradar:@gmail.commailto:dilshadfaruk:@gmail.commailto:sr.raj78:@gmail.commailto:sandheep.vattappara:@gmail.commailto:shekar.476:@gmail.commailto:vsharath:@nitc.ac.inmailto:vijuec:@gmail.commailto:vishnukanthg:@gmail.commailto:raghucv:@nitc.ac.inmailto:lbd:@nitc.ac.inmailto:bhuvan:@nitc.ac.inmailto:bhuvan:@nitc.ac.inmailto:lbd:@nitc.ac.inmailto:raghucv:@nitc.ac.inmailto:vishnukanthg:@gmail.commailto:vijuec:@gmail.commailto:vsharath:@nitc.ac.inmailto:shekar.476:@gmail.commailto:sandheep.vattappara:@gmail.commailto:sr.raj78:@gmail.commailto:dilshadfaruk:@gmail.commailto:s.b.biradar:@gmail.commailto:appualex:@gmail.com