Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos Communities in Lake Superior
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Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos Zooplankton and Benthos Communities in Communities in Lake Superior Lake Superior M.L. Tuchman M.L. Tuchman 1 1 & R.P. Barbiero & R.P. Barbiero 2 1 USEPA GLNPO, Chicago, IL USA USEPA GLNPO, Chicago, IL USA 2 DynCorp I&ET, Chicago, IL USA DynCorp I&ET, Chicago, IL USA
description
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos Communities in Lake Superior. M.L. Tuchman 1 & R.P. Barbiero 2 1 USEPA GLNPO, Chicago, IL USA 2 DynCorp I&ET, Chicago, IL USA. G reat L akes N ational P rogram O ffice. USEPA Monitoring Began in 1983 Current Sampling Includes: Phytoplankton - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos Communities in Lake Superior
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthos Communities in Benthos Communities in
Lake SuperiorLake Superior
M.L. TuchmanM.L. Tuchman1 1 & R.P. Barbiero& R.P. Barbiero22 11USEPA GLNPO, Chicago, IL USAUSEPA GLNPO, Chicago, IL USA22DynCorp I&ET, Chicago, IL USADynCorp I&ET, Chicago, IL USA
GGreat reat LLakes akes NNational ational PProgram rogram OOfficeffice
• USEPAUSEPA• Monitoring Began in 1983Monitoring Began in 1983• Current Sampling Includes:Current Sampling Includes:
– PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton– ZooplanktonZooplankton– BenthosBenthos– Physical/Chemical ParametersPhysical/Chemical Parameters
• Biannual SamplingBiannual Sampling– Spring mixedSpring mixed– Summer stratifiedSummer stratified
1998 Summer Sampling Stations1998 Summer Sampling Stations
Plankton & Benthos SitesPlankton & Benthos Sites
Benthos Only SitesBenthos Only Sites
Plankton SitesPlankton Sites
TOPICSTOPICS
• Focus on:Focus on:– Offshore WatersOffshore Waters– Spring; SummerSpring; Summer
• Communities Examined:Communities Examined:– Phytoplankton: biovolume; developmentPhytoplankton: biovolume; development– Crustacean: composition, size structureCrustacean: composition, size structure– Benthos: status of Benthos: status of DiporeiaDiporeia
• Current Status - Results from 1999 SurveyCurrent Status - Results from 1999 Survey
Plankton & BenthosPlankton & Benthos
BenthosBenthos
PlanktonPlankton
Locations of GLNPO Routine Monitoring SitesLocations of GLNPO Routine Monitoring Sites
CentricsCentrics
AulacoseiraAulacoseira
PennatesPennates
FragilariaFragilaria
CyclotellaCyclotella
TabellariaTabellaria
Major Types of DiatomsMajor Types of Diatoms
AsterionellaAsterionella
2*102*1066 mm33/ml/ml
1*101*1066 mm33/ml/ml
5*105*1055 mm33/ml/mlSUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
Bio
volu
me
(10
Bio
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(1066
mm33 /
ml)
/ml)
00
11
22
33
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Phytoplankton Biovolume, Phytoplankton Biovolume, Spring 1998Spring 1998
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
11
22
33
44
Bio
volu
me
(10
Bio
volu
me
(1066
mm33 /
ml)
/ml)
2*102*1066 mm33/ml/ml
1*101*1066 mm33/ml/ml
5*105*1055 mm33/ml/ml
Phytoplankton Biovolume, Phytoplankton Biovolume, Spring 1999Spring 1999
2*102*1066 mm33/ml/ml
1*101*1066 mm33/ml/ml
5*105*1055 mm33/ml/ml
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
Bio
volu
me
(10
Bio
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(1066
mm33 /
ml)
/ml)
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Phytoplankton Biovolume, Phytoplankton Biovolume, Summer 1998Summer 1998
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
11
22
33
44
2*102*1066 mm33/ml/ml
1*101*1066 mm33/ml/ml
5*105*1055 mm33/ml/ml
Phytoplankton Biovolume, Phytoplankton Biovolume, Summer 1999Summer 1999
Bio
volu
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(10
Bio
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(1066
mm33 /
ml)
/ml)
ChrysophytesChrysophytesDiatomsDiatoms
ChlorophytesChlorophytes CryptophytesCryptophytes
CyanophytesCyanophytes
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates OTHEROTHER
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
2525
5050
7575
100100
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
2525
5050
7575
100100
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
2525
5050
7575
100100
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON00
2525
5050
7575
100100
19981998 19991999P
erce
nt C
ompo
sitio
nP
erce
nt C
ompo
sitio
n
SpringSpring
SummerSummer
Relative Composition of Phytoplankton CommunitiesRelative Composition of Phytoplankton Communities
Phytoplankton - ConclusionsPhytoplankton - Conclusions
• Biomass Low Relative to Other LakesBiomass Low Relative to Other Lakes– Lower in spring than summerLower in spring than summer
• Development Of Phytoplankton Community Development Of Phytoplankton Community DelayedDelayed
• Diatoms Persist Further Into SeasonDiatoms Persist Further Into Season
• Summer Community Most Similar to HuronSummer Community Most Similar to Huron
CladoceransCladocerans
Daphnia retrocurvaDaphnia retrocurva
Photo: Dr. Paul HebertPhoto: Dr. Paul Hebert
Bosmina longirostrisBosmina longirostris
Photo: SMSUPhoto: SMSU
CopepodsCopepods
DiaptomusDiaptomusMesocyclopsMesocyclops
Photo: USGSPhoto: USGSPhoto: SMSUPhoto: SMSU
Biomass of Spring Crustaceans 1999Biomass of Spring Crustaceans 1999
3 g/m2
1 g/m2
CladoceransCladocerans CalanoidaCalanoida
Imm CalanoidaImm Calanoida
CyclopoidaCyclopoida
Imm CyclopoidaImm Cyclopoida
CladoceransCladocerans CalanoidaCalanoida
Imm CalanoidaImm Calanoida
CyclopoidaCyclopoida
Imm CyclopoidaImm Cyclopoida
3 g/m2
1 g/m2
Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999
2 g/m2
< 0.4 g/m2
1 g/m2
CalanoidaCalanoida
CladoceransCladocerans
CyclopoidaCyclopoida
Imm CalanoidaImm Calanoida
Imm CyclopoidaImm Cyclopoida
Biomass of Spring Crustaceans 1999Biomass of Spring Crustaceans 1999
SUSU MIMI HUHU WW CC EE ONON
Per
cent
Abu
ndan
ceP
erce
nt A
bund
ance
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
ERER
CalanoidaCalanoida
CladoceransCladocerans
CyclopoidaCyclopoida
Imm CalanoidaImm Calanoida
Imm CyclopoidaImm Cyclopoida
10 g/m10 g/m22
< 1.5 g/m< 1.5 g/m22
5 g/m5 g/m22
Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999
SUSU MIMI HUHU WW CC EE ONON
Per
cent
Abu
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ceP
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nt A
bund
ance
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
ERER
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
Bio
mas
s (g
/mB
iom
ass
(g/m
22 ))
00
55
1010
1515
Bio
mas
s (g
/mB
iom
ass
(g/m
22 ))00
55
Comparison of Crustacean BiomassComparison of Crustacean Biomass in the Great Lakes, 1999in the Great Lakes, 1999
SpringSpring
SummerSummer
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
3030
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
3030
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
3030
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
Size Frequency Distribution and Cumulative Size Frequency Distribution and Cumulative Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1999
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
3030
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
Rel
ativ
eR
elat
ive
Fre
quen
cyF
requ
ency
Cum
ulativeC
umulative
Biom
assB
iomass
Size (mm)Size (mm)
< 1 mm
> 1 mm
Bythotrephes
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
00
2525
5050
7575
10010000
1010
2020
2525
5050
7575
100100
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
00
2525
5050
7575
10010000
1010
2020
2525
5050
7575
100100
00 11 22 3300
1010
2020
00
2525
5050
7575
10010000
1010
2020
00
2525
5050
7575
100100
Size Frequency Distribution and Cumulative Size Frequency Distribution and Cumulative Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1998, 1999Biomass of Summer Crustaceans 1998, 1999
19981998
19991999
% B
iom
ass
% B
iom
ass
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
10 g/m10 g/m22
<1 g/m<1 g/m22
5 g/m5 g/m22
< 1 mm< 1 mm
> 1 mm> 1 mm
BythotrephesBythotrephes
Amount of Biomass Contributed by Amount of Biomass Contributed by Individuals < 1 mm and > 1 mm, Summer, 1998Individuals < 1 mm and > 1 mm, Summer, 1998
% B
iom
ass
% B
iom
ass
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
10 g/m10 g/m22
<1 g/m<1 g/m22
5 g/m5 g/m22
< 1 mm< 1 mm
> 1 mm> 1 mm
BythotrephesBythotrephes
Amount of Biomass Contributed by Amount of Biomass Contributed by Individuals < 1 mm and > 1 mm, Summer, 1999Individuals < 1 mm and > 1 mm, Summer, 1999
1,000/m1,000/m22
500/m500/m22
100/m100/m22
++ absentabsent
BythotrephesBythotrephes Areal Abundances 1999 Areal Abundances 1999
Zooplankton - ConclusionsZooplankton - Conclusions
• Community Makeup:Community Makeup:– Large, deep-living calanoid copepods dominateLarge, deep-living calanoid copepods dominate– Cyclopoid copepods also abundant Cyclopoid copepods also abundant – Percentage of cladocerans lowest of Great Lakes Percentage of cladocerans lowest of Great Lakes
• Biomass Low Relative to Other LakesBiomass Low Relative to Other Lakes
• Most Biomass in Large IndividualsMost Biomass in Large Individuals
• ‘‘Medium’ Sized Individuals Largely AbsentMedium’ Sized Individuals Largely Absent
12,000/m12,000/m22
8,000/m8,000/m22
4,000/m4,000/m22
SUSU MIMI HUHU ERER ONON
Abu
ndan
ce/m
Abu
ndan
ce/m
22
0020002000400040006000600080008000
100001000012000120001400014000
Areal Abundances of Benthos Areal Abundances of Benthos in the Great Lakes, Summer 1999in the Great Lakes, Summer 1999
6,000 m6,000 m-2-2
3,000 m3,000 m-2-2
1,000 m1,000 m-2-2
0 m-2+
Abundance of Abundance of DiporeiaDiporeia Throughout Great Lakes, 1999Throughout Great Lakes, 1999
#/m
20
1000
2000
Changes in Changes in DiporeiaDiporeia Abundance, 1997-1999 Abundance, 1997-1999
++
--
++//--
--
SOLEC Criteria:SOLEC Criteria:Depth < 100m: 220-320/mDepth < 100m: 220-320/m22
Depth > 100m: 30-160/mDepth > 100m: 30-160/m22
Better Than SOLEC CriteriaBetter Than SOLEC Criteria
Worse Than SOLEC CriteriaWorse Than SOLEC CriteriaMeets SOLEC CriteriaMeets SOLEC Criteria
DiporeiaDiporeia Abundance in Relation to Abundance in Relation to SOLEC Criteria, 1999SOLEC Criteria, 1999
