phytoplankton waterquality phayao
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����������� ����������������������������������� !��!���"�#�! �%��!���%����&�����'�(� ���#���)(� ����� Assessment of water quality using phytoplankton and coliform bacteria as indicator in Naresuan Phayao University Reservoir
��� ����� ��1, �#��! *�����(2 ��� ,�(��-� �����.�1 Neti Ngearnpat, Phatcharee Thuekaeo and Sorawit Upakut !"#$%&'
����������� �!"#�$%&'�()*+,-.$/0� 12%$3,./�(�/�42� 5.6�78��8*�9:%);,%86<0,8&�<�5�;6�!"=56;1�7�0��*#�$ ./���586�09�����+%2<�0��>6%&'�5����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� ����<�0�)32%5�@!%�*%-1!/��5 2552 $6.$/0� 12%$3,7;&0�5) 7 )���,;% 31 G8%;= 32 =9HI8= ()*.$/0� 12%$3,78J$65��78J=!) �32 Pediastrum sp. IMJ02*N<+% )���,;% Chlorophyta �20/05� �32 Peridinium sp. 2*N<+% )���,;% Pyrrhophyta ./� Botryococcus sp. +%)���,;% Chlorophyta 1�5/'�);6 .$/0� 12%$3,78J=�5��@+,-�9:%);,%86<0,8&.�/<0%&'�78J58=��2����9�%�/�0 �32 Botryococcus sp. ./� Peridinium sp. .$/0� 12%$3,78J+,-�9:%);,%86<0,8&.�/<0%&'�78J58=��2����=N0 �32 Pediastrum sp. ='���;69��5�"(�/�42� 5.6�78��8*7;&0�5)2*N<+%,<�0 79 - ≥1600 MPN/100 ml $6�<��53J2G;)1�5��);6=��2���� 2*N<+%��);6=��2����9�%�/�0@M0=N0 (meso-eutrophic) �53J2$�G��"��!"#�$%&'�1�55�1�Z�%�!"#�$%&'�[��)�%$6�<�2*N<+%9���#778J 3 =�5��@%'�\9+,-9��(*,% �$3J2���2!9(#�./�6��(#�\)-()*1-20[<�%���]<��,3&2(��1�59�1� ./�[<�%���6�%���9�;69�!0�!"#�$7;J�\9�<2% "()*()"#+ �!"#�$%&'�, .$/0� 12%$3,, (�/�42� 5.6�78��8*, );,%87�0,8�#�$ ABSTRACT
The water quality of reservoir in Naresuan Phayao University was analyzed by using phytoplankton and coliform bacteria, and physical-chemical properties as indicators, The water samples were collected during June and October in 2009. There was Phytoplanton in 7 divisions, 31 genera and 32 species. The most phytoplankton was Pediastrum sp. (Division Chlorophyta) follwed by Peridinium sp. (Division Pyrrhophyta) and Botryococcus sp. (Division Chlorophyta) respectively. The phytoplankton which would be indicated the mesotrophic status, was Botryococcus sp. and Peridinium sp. However, Pediastrum sp. could be indicated the eutrophic status. The number of coliform bacteria were ranged from 79 to more than 1600 MPN/100 ml during the sampling. The reservoir was classified to the third category by the standard surface water quality of Thailand. The water can be used for household consumption after chlorination and general quality improvement. Keywords: Water quality, Phytoplankton, Coliform bacteria, Bioindicator
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Pyrrhophyta 2 genera 1 species ./� Division Cryptophyta 2 genera 0 species .$/0� 12%$3,+% Division Chlorophyta 58G'�%�%,%�)5��78J=!)�32 13 genera ./�+% Division Pyrrhophyta ./� Division Cryptophyta 58G'�%�%%-2*78J=!)�32 2 genera .$/0� 12%$3,,%�)�)<%78J$6�32 Peridinium sp. Pediastrum sp. ./� Botryococcus sp. IMJ0G;)2*N<+% Division Chlorophyta ./� Division Pyrrhophyta (#�$ 4)
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Division Cyanophyta Anabaena sp. + + - - - Chroococcus sp. + + + + + Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek + - - - - Microcystis viridis (Rabenhorst) Lemmermann + - - - - Oscillatoria sp. + + - - - Planktolyngbya sp. + + + + + Merismopedia sp. - - + + + Division Chlorophyta Botryococcus sp. + + + + + Cosmarium sp. + + + - - Coelastrum polychordum (Korschikoff) Hindak - + + + + C. astroideum De Notaris var. astrodeum - + + + - C. verrucosum Reinsch - + + + + C. pseudomicroporum Korshikov - + + + + C. sphaericum Nägeli - + + + + C. microporum Nägeli - + + + +
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Crucigeniella smithii (Bourrelly & Manguin) Komárek + + - + - Crucigenia fenestrate Schmidt + + - - + Dimorphococcus sp. + + + - - Dictyosphaerium sp. + + + + - Euastrum abruptum West. & G.S. West + + - - - Golenkinia sp. - - - - + Monoraphidium contortum (Thuret) Komárková-Legnerová + + + + + Nephrocytium limneticum Smith + + - + - Pediastrum sp. + + + + + P. simplex Meyen + + + + + P. simplex var. echinulatum Wittrock + + + + + P. duplex var. gracillimus West + + + + + P. tetras (Ehrenberg) Ralfs + + - + - Staurastrum tetracerum Ralfs + + + + + Staurodesmus sp. + - - + - Scenedesmus obtusus Meyen f. obtusus + + + + + S. acuminatus (Lagerheim) Chodat + + + + + S. bicaudatus Dedusenko + + + + + S. quadricauda (Turpin) Brebisson + + + + + S. protuberans Fritsch & Rich + + + + + S. disciformis (chod.) fott & kom. + + + + + Division Euglenophyta Euglena sanguinea Ehrenberg + + + + + E. limnophila Lemmermann + + + + + E. limnophila var. swirenkoi (Arnoldi) T.G. Popova + + + + + E. texta (Dujardin) Hübner + + + + + Phacus angulatus Pochmann + + + + + Trachelomonas sp. + + + + + Strombomonas acuminatus (Schmarda) Deflandre - + + + - Division Chrysophyta Dinobryon divergen Imhof. + + - + - Isthmochloron sp. - - + - - Division Bacillariophyta Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen + + + + + Cymbella sp. + + + - + Navicula sp. + + + - + Synedra sp. - - - + - Division Cryptophyta Cryptomonas sp. + - - + + Chroomonas sp. + + + - +
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�!"#�$%&'�+%2<�0��>6%&'�5����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� ()*���+,-.$/0� 12%$3,�9:%);,%86<0,8&�!"#�$%&'� �32 Peridinium sp. , Pediastrum sp. ./� Botryococcus sp. �53J2%'�5��'�%�"�<�()*+,- AARL-PP Score [1]\)-��.%% 5.6 %'�\9�78*6�<�+%1���0��.%%�!"#�$%&'� 1�5��);6=��2���� (trophic status) ./��!"#�$%&'�7;J�\9 $6�<��!"#�$%&'�G;)2*N<+%�!"#�$%&'�9�%�/�0@M0\5<)8 (Meso-eutrophic status) �53J29���5�%G��5�1�Z�%j20�"����5���=�J0.�)/-25.�<0,�1� [7] G�G;)2*N<+%9���#778J 3 �32 =�5��@%'�\9+,-�$3J2���2!9(#�./�6��(#�\)-()*1-20[<�%���]<��,3&2(��1�59�1� ./�[<�%���6�%���9�;69�!0�!"#�$7;J�\9�<2%
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.$/0� 12%$3, 23J %� .1<$6+%9��5�"78J %- 2* �%3J20G��2<�0��>6%&'�j205����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� 58�!"=56;1�j20.�/<0%&'�2*N<+%��);6 meso-eutrophic IMJ0589��5�"=��2����9�%�/�0@M0=N0 GM07'�+�-$6.$/0� 12%$3, genus 23J% +%9��5�"78J%-2* ./��53J2%'�5��9�8*6�78*6�;6���?M�{�j20 �G%�+%9H 2550 [8] IMJ0\)-?M�{��!"#�$%&'�./����5�/���/�*j20.$/0� 12%$3,+%.�/<0%&'�j205����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� �,<%�;% $6.$/0� 12%$3,7;&0�5) 5 division 28 genera .$/0� 12%$3,,%�)�)<% �32 Cylindrospermopsis sp. , Aulacoseira granulata ./� Merismopedia sp.G;)�9:%.�/<0%&'�78J58�!"=56;1��9:% meso-eutrophic status G��[/���?M�{���;&0%8&7'�+�-7��6�<��53J2G;)��);6%&'�()*$�G��"�1�59��5�"=��2����./-�%;&% �!"#�$%&'�+%2<�0��>6%&'�j205����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*�2*N< +%��);6 meso-eutrophic
G��9~GG;*7�0��*#�$ ./���58 G��[/���?M�{�$6�<��!"#�$%&'�78J\)-7'����?M�{� 2!"�#N5�j20.�/<0%&'�58�<�2*N<+%,<�0 28.2-29.0 ºC 2!"�#N5�j20%&'�582�7x�$/()*1�01<29��5�"22�I��G%78J/�/�*%&'� (DO) [9] IMJ09��5�"22�I��G%78J/�/�*%&'� (DO) 58�<� 3.38-4.75 mg/l 1�59����?�"����5���=�J0.�)/-25.�<0,�1�[7] $6�<��!"#�$%&'�1�55�1�Z�%2*N<+%��"� 78J)8 �<����5�9:%��))<�0 (pH) 58�<� 7.70-8.16 G�����?M�{�$6�<��<����5�9:%��))<�0 (pH) 78J\)-58�<�+�/-��8*0�;% IMJ0�<����%'�\44u�58�<� 192-296 µS/cm3 �<����%'�\44u�j20%&'� 5;�G��9/8J*%.9/01�59��5�"j20.j>078J/�/�*%&'�IMJ0=<�%+�i<�9:%$����/32.�<1<�0� ��);6���.1�1;��9:%\222%j20��/32.�<1<�0� +%%&'� G'�%�%9��G!\222%.1</�1;� �����/3J2%78Jj20\222%./�2!"�#N5�j20.�/<0%&'�/-�%582�7x�$/1<2���%'�\44u�j20%&'� �<����51-20���22�I��G%7�0,8���58 (BOD5) 58�<� 0.71-1.14 mg/l ()*7;J�\9+,-�9:%5�1�Z�%+%����'��%)�!"#�$%&'�7�&0./�%&'�+%.5<%&'�/'��/20 @-�58�<����51-20���22�I��G%7�0,8���58 (BOD5) ���%��<� 10 mg/l @32�<�%&'�%;&%�9:%%&'��=8* [10] 9��5�".25(5�%8*-\%(1��G% (NH3-N) 58�<�2*N<+%,<�0 0.23-0.41 mg/l ()*9�1�G�58
8
�<�%-2*��<� 1 mg/l IMJ0.$/0� 12%$3,=�5��@%'�\9+,-\)-)8 ()*9�1�./-�.$/0� 12%$3,=�5��@%'�=��.25(5�%8*-\%(1��G%\9+,-\)-)8��<�=��78J2*N<+%�N9\%�1�7-\%(1��G% .1< +%=#�$78J 58 .25(5�%8* -\%(1��G%=N0G����)$�{1<2=�J058,8��1+%%&'� [11] G������9�8*6�78*6$6�<�58���5.1�1<�0G�� �G%� (2550) 78J7'����?M�{��!"#�$%&'�./����5�/���/�*j20 .$/0� 12%$3,+%.�/<0%&'�j205����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� $6�<�58.25(5�%8*5-\%(1��G% (NH3-N) +%9��5�"78J=N0 �3258�<�2*N<+%,<�0 0.05-5.16 mg/l \%�7�1-\%(1��G% (NO3
--N) 58�<� 0.01-0.36 mg/l IMJ0$69��5�"�<2%j-�01J'� ()*9�1�G�=�5��@$6���5�j-5j-%j20\%�7�1-\%(1��G% (NO3
--N) \5<���% 10 mg mg/l [12] \%\7�1 -\%(1��G% (NO2
--N) 58�<� 0.001-0.005 mg/l \%\7�1 �9:%=��9���26\%(1��G%�N9.66�%MJ078J���)jM&%G������5!%��8*%j20\%(1��G%+%.�/<0%&'� @-�589��5�"22�I��G%78J�$8*0$2\%\7�1 G�@N�22�I�\)I \9�9:%\%�7�1\)-��)��>� .1<@-�j�)22�I��G%$��G!/�%7�8* G��8)��I \%�7�1\9�9:%\%\7�1 7'�+�-�9:%$�{1<2=;1� %&'�\)- [12] 9��5�"22� (x42=�41 (PO4
3-) 58�<� 0.05-0.19 mg/l 42=42�;=+%%&'�5;�2*N<+%�N92%!#��1��2%()*���1�1��2% ./�6�0=<�%G�@N�/�/�*%&'��9:%22� (x42=�41 (PO4-P) 78J/�/�*%&'� IMJ0G�@N�%'�\9+,-2*<�0��)��>�()*=�J058,8��1+%%&'� [11] ()*9��5�"=��2�����7<�%8&G�$6.$/0� 12%$3,,%�) Pediastrum, Peridinium ./� Botryococcus IMJ058�!"#�$%&'�9�%�/�0@M0\5<)8 �53J2%'�=��2����5��9�8*6�78*6�;6���?M�{�j209��"8 [3] $6�<�589��5�".25(5�%8*-\%(1��G% (NH3-N) 58�<�2*N<+%,<�0 0-0.27 mg/l 9��5�"\%�7�1-\%(1��G% (NO3
--N) 58�<�2*N<+%,<�0 0-1.6 mg/l ./�9��5�"22� (x42=�41 (PO4-P) 58�<�2*N<+%,<�0 0.01-0.06 mg/l $6.$/0� 12%$3,,%�) Cylindrospermopsis sp., Botryococcus braunii Kützing ./� Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen 6<0,8&@M0%&'�58�!"#�$9�%�/�0@M0\5<)8
G�����9���5�%�!"#�$%&' �+%2<�0�/�0j205����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� 1�5���G;)�!"#�$%&'�1�5�"����5���=�J0.�)/-25.�<0,�1� [7] G;)2*N<+%
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/�42� 5.6�78��8*�9:%);,%86<0,8&�<�5�;69~GG;*7�0��* #�$./���586�09�����+%2<�0��>6%&'�5����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*� 1;&0.1<�)32%5�@!%�*%-1!/��5 2552 $6.$/0� 12%$3,7;&0�5) 7 Division 31 genera 32 species ()* Divisionj20.$/0� 12%$3,78J$65��78J=!)�32 Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta ./� Pyrrhophyta 1�5/'�);6 ()*.$/0� 12%$3,,%�)�)<%78J$6 \)-.�< Pediastrum sp. Peridinium sp. ./� Botryococcus sp. 1�5/'�);6 9��5�"�/2(�4z// �2 58�<�2*N<����<�0 0.688-1.505 mg/l =<�%9��5�"(�/�42� 5.6�78��8*58�<�2*N<����<�0 79-≥1600 MPN/100 ml
�!"#�$%&'�+%2<�0��>6%&'�5����7*�/;*%��?�� $��*�G;)2*!<+%��);69�%�/�0 1/2)���7'���G;* G;)1�5���55��%-2*j20=��2����2*N<+%��);6 meso-eutrophic status ./�G;)�!"#�$%&'�1�55�1�Z�%�!"#�$%&'�+%.�/<0%&'�[��)�%2*N<+%9���#778J 3 IMJ0=�5��@%'�5�+,-9��(*,% +%���2!9(#�./�6��(#�\)-()*1-20[<�%���]<� �,3& 2(��1�59�1� ./�[<�%���6�%���9�;69�!0�!"#�$%&'�7;J�\9�<2% <CJJC<EE@QEG<)F
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11. %;%7%� �,�=%8. �N<5329��6;1����%���?��7*�%&'�G3). (�0$�5$ G!��/0��" 5����7*�/;* G!��/0��" 5����7*�/;*; 2544.
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13. APHA, AWWA and WPCF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public health Association: Washington; 1992.
14. Wetzel RG, and Likens GE. Limnological Analysis. 3rd ed. Springer, New York; 2000.
10
Proceeding การประชุมวชิาการ วทิยาศาสตร์ เกษตร วศิวกรรมและสิ่งแวดล้อม ครั้งที่ 2 วันพุธที่ 25 สงิหาคม 2553 , ณ มหาวทิยาลัยพะเยา จังหวัดพะเยา
บรรณานุกรม
เนติ เงินแพทย์, พัชรี ถือแก้วและสรวิชญ์ อุปคุตฆ.์ (2553). การประเมินคุณภาพน้ําโดยใช้แพลงก์ตอนพืชและโคลิฟอร์มแบคทีเรียเป็นดัชนีบ่งชี้ในอ่างเกบ็น้ํามหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร พะเยา. Proceedingในงานประชมุวิชาการ วิทยาศาสตร์ เกษตรศาสตร์ วิศวกรรมและสิ่งแวดลอ้ม คร้ังท่ี 2, มหาวิทยาลัยพะเยา, พะเยา.