Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.
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Transcript of Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.
![Page 1: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us
Stephanie Coglitore
Alexis Krukovsky
Jamie Nelson
![Page 2: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Purpose
• To observe and quantify the relationships between phytoplankton concentration, diversity and chlorophyll concentration.
• Hypothesize how the relationship between these parameters contributes to the overall trophic state of the lakes
![Page 3: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Data Collection
• Kimmerer bottles
• Samples taken from different depths of epi, hypo and metalimnion
• preserved in ethyl alcohol
![Page 4: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why are Phytoplankton and Chlorophyll Important?
• The density and specific species of phytoplanton present will directly affect chlorophyll concentration
• Phytoplankton biomass is directly correlated with productivity and photosynthetic ability within a system
• Means of estimating the energy pathways in an aquatic system
![Page 5: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why Chlorophyll a?
• Chlorophyll a is the best measurement since all phytoplankton contain chlorophyll a but differ in composition of other pigments
![Page 6: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Analysis of Phytoplankton
• Resuspend sample by mixing and filter 250ml onto filter paper
• Remove filter, fold in half and put in aluminum foil
• Place foil in bottle filled with desiccant and place bottle in freezer for storage
• Rinse filter head between samples
![Page 7: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phytoplankton cont.
• Samples should be resuspended in ethyl alcohol and allowed to concentrate over several days
• Refilter the samples
• Identification by genus and division under dissecting microscope
![Page 8: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Analysis of Chlorophyll a
• Samples treated with ethanol to separate out chlorophyll
• Separated samples were filtered and measured using a flourometer
• Conversion:
Chlorophyll a conc..= (F0*VE)/VS
![Page 9: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fluorometer Method• Fluorometer was used to measure
chlorophyll a concentration in the samples from different depths
• Determination of chlorophyll is more efficient, if not quite as accurate as microscope way
• Add ethanol to filtered sample to extract the photosynthetic pigments
• Prepare a blank filter-acts as a control
![Page 10: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fluorometer Method
• Invert each tube to mix thoroughly
• Leave sample in meter for no longer than 10 secondscould cause more production
• Fluorometer was used to measure chlorophyll a concentration
• Chlorophyll a can be used as an indicator of primary production
![Page 11: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Counting Phytoplankton
• To count cells, both the Palmer-Maloney slides and the sorting trays were used
• Counting 100 individuals/10 taxon is enough for statistical accuracy
• Subsample of community, can extrapolate data and apply it to the whole lake
• Phytoplankton can be used as an indicator of primary production
![Page 12: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lakes By Division and Total
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Oneida Arbutus Rich Catlin Onondaga Green
Lakes by Number of Divisions
Total
# of Divisions
![Page 13: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What Dominated in Each Lake?
Lake Dominated By Category
Oneida Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae) Diatoms
Arbutus Chlorophyta and Chrysophta (Bacillariophyceae) Green algae; Diatoms
Rich Chlorophyta Green algae
Catlin Chlorophyta and Chrysophta (Chry) Green; Golden algae
Green Chlorophyta Green algae
Onondaga Chlorphyta Green
![Page 14: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Oneida LakeOneida Lake Phytoplankton by Division
Cyanophyta
Chlorophyta
Chrysophyta(Bacillariophyceae)
![Page 15: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Oneida Lake Analysis
• What does it all mean?
• Lots of Chrysophyta Bacillariophyceaediatoms, lots of silica present here
• Fairly shallow because they would sink to the bottom, must be constantly mixing
• Nitrogen is not an issue here
![Page 16: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rich LakeRich Lake Phytoplankton by Division
Cyanophyta
Chlorophyta
Chrysophyta(Bacillariophyceae)
![Page 17: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rich Lake Analysis
• Dominated by Chlorophyta, indicating a high level of phosphorous
• Cyanophyta also represented probably due to lack of nitrogen
• Must mix regularly to have a sizable population of diatoms
![Page 18: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Catlin Lake
Catlin Lake Phytoplankton by Division
Chlorophyta
Chrysophyta(Chrysophyceae)
![Page 19: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Catlin Lake Analysis
• Green and golden algae were the only two present
• Even split, so it has a good amount of phosphorous and silica
• Not enough silica to support Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae), perhaps due to lack of it in sediments
![Page 20: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Arbutus Lake
Arbutus Lake Phytoplankton by Division
Cyanophyta
Chlorophyta
Chrysophyta(Bacillariophyceae)
Pyrophyta
Chrysophyta(Chrysophyceae)
Pyrophyta
Euglenophyta
Cryptophyta
![Page 21: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Arbutus Lake Analysis• Little bit of everything, perhaps because it has a
lot of drainage
• No one division dominates, Greens at 26%, Diatoms at 21%, and Blue-greens at 16% make up the top three divisions
• Must have a good amount of diatoms and phosphorous
• Probably limited in nitrogen considering the blue-green algae
![Page 22: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Onondaga LakeOnondaga Lake Phytoplankton by Division
Cyanophyta
Chlorophyta
Euglenophyta
Pyrophyta
![Page 23: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Onondaga Lake Analysis
• Such a surprise, dominated by Chlorophyta
• 64% of algae represented green algae, with 16 out of 25 genera
• Lots of phosphorous input from sewage
• Lack of nitrogen evident because of the presence of Cyanophyta, which makes up 24% of the genera present
![Page 24: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Green LakesGreen Lakes only Phytoplankton by
Division
Chlorophyra (Pediastrum)
![Page 25: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Green Lakes Analysis
• Chlorophyta was the only division present
• Phosphorous must be abundant, and that’s about the only thing in Green Lakes
![Page 26: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Catlin Lake Chlorophyll Data
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Ch
la µ
g/L
1Epi
1Epi
8.5Meta
8.5Meta
11Hypo
11Hypo
depth (m)
Catlin Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 27: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Rich Lake
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
chla
µg
/L
1Epi
1Epi
8Meta
8Meta
10Hypo
10Hypo
depth (m)
Rich Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 28: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Arbutus Lake
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
chla
µg
/L
1Epi
1Epi
5Meta
5Meta
7Hypo
7Hypo
depth (m)
Arbutus Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 29: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Oneida Lake
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
chla
µg
/L
1Epi
3Meta
5Hypo
depth (m)
Oneida Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 30: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Onondaga Lake
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
chla
µg
/L
1Epi
4Epi
8Meta
10Meta
15Hypo
17Hypo
18Hypo
depth (m)
Onondaga Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 31: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Green Lake
119 95.1
42.9
217 292
1710
41.3 17.6 14.9
91.5 80.7
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
chla
µg
/L
3 8 15 22.5
31 3 8 15 22.5
31
epi epi meta hypo hypo purple epi epi meta hypo hypo
depth (m)
Green Lake Chlorophyll a Concentration
![Page 32: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sources of Error???• Chlorophyll analysis only accounts for
Chlorophyll a
• Flourometer does not separate phaeophytin from chlorophyll sample
• Many phytoplankton are too small and may pass through nets
• Not all of the phytoplankton in the samples were counted only the first 100 specimens
![Page 33: Phytoplankton and the Lakes Around Us Stephanie Coglitore Alexis Krukovsky Jamie Nelson.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca45503460f9496505b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sources of Error continued
• Our inexperience at counting and identifying phytoplankton
• Sample sizes for phytoplankton were often very small- Green Lakes had 1 algae counted