Physiology Analogy and Model

8/3/2019 Physiology Analogy and Model

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WAN FATIHAH BINTI WAN HUSSIN D20071029377

SITI SAFIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD KAMIL D20071029395

MOHAMAD ARIF BIN NASARUDDIN D20091035123

SUARDI BIN NANANG D20091035131


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Excretion of waste

Maintaining of water-salt balance of

blood Maintain blood pH


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Occur in Nephron of kidney

Three process

Filtration

Reabsorption Secretion


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Filters out molecules which are muchsmaller than RBC & plasma proteins

Diameter of efferent glomerularcapillaries is narrower than afferentcapillaries causes hydrostatic pressure

Forces all content of blood in theglomerulus into the lumen of Bowmans

capsul (except plasma protein,WBC, RBC& platelets)


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Refer to model prepared.

Based on model : Smaller diameter pipe : efferent capillary

Bigger diameter pipe : afferent capillary Filter : Glomerulus

Filter funnel : Bowmans capsule

Plastic bottle : Tubule

Mixture of water and coconut shred : Blood Coconuts milk : Glomerulus filtrate ( water and

small moleculesnutrient, glucose, amino acid, salt,urea)

Remaining coconut : Plasma Protein and Blood cell


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+

-


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First, occurs at proximal convolutedtubule

Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and otherentirely reabsorb here.

Ions ( sodium, chloride, bicarbonate andpotassium ) are partially reabsorbed.


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Second, at Loop of Henly DESCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE

Filtrate moves into Descendinglimb.

The epitelium of the decendingarm is permeable to water but not

for salt and other solutes. Reabsorption of water from tubule

via osmosis.


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At descending Loop ofHenle, water moves byosmosis from the tubule intothe blood can be analogyby downhill.

Descending Loop of Henleonly permeable to watermolecules.

The high waterconcentration at the tubulebe a peak, and low water

concentration of capillary bea kaki bukit.

When people downhill, wedoes no need to expendenergy for it to happen,same as osmosis.

CAPILLARY

TUBULE


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Peak of Mountain: High

concentrationgradient of water

in descending

limb.

Lower region ofmountain : low

concentration ofwater in bloodcapillaries andinterstitial fluid


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ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE The ascending arm is impermeable to water

but no to salt.

Medulla more osmotic compare to filtrate.

Filtrate: High concentration of salts As the filtrate flows up acending arm, the Na+

and Cl- diffuse out from the thin segment of theascending arm

In the thick segment of the ascending arm,Na+ and Cl- are actively transported into theinterstitial fluid of medulla.


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Ascendinglimb

Interstitialfluid of

Medulla andbllod

capillaries

Segment ofascending

limb

Thin

Thick


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COLLECTING DUCT

As the filtrate move down the collecting

duct, the tissue fluid in the medulla

surrounding get more and moreconcentrate

Water leave collecting duct by osmosis

Urea moved by diffusion

The filtrate left is called urine


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Peak of Mountain: High

concentrationgradient of water

and urea incollecting duct.

Lower region of

mountain : lowconcentration ofwater and ureainblood capillaries

and interstitialfluid


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Occur in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Loop of Henle create the conditions in themedulla allowing secretion to occur

Involve the pumping out of the wasteproducts from blood capillaries into thetubules

Substances (nitrogenous products) such asuric acid, H+, ammonia, urea eliminated bysecretion through active transport


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Some drugs & toxic substances are secretedout by simple diffusion Certain substances are added to tubule Glomerulus filtrate that reaches collecting

ducturine (96% water, 2.5% nitrogenousproducts & 1.5% salts & other trace element)

Urine is channeled out of collecting duct intopelvis, then out of kidney into the bladder by

ureter & finally excreted out of the bodythrough urethra


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Kitchen is our bloodcapillaries

We throw away waste products from thekitchen to the dustbin outsidesecretionprocess

The waste productstransported and disposed

Physiology Analogy and Model

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