Physiological disorders of warm season vegetables

Ningappa kirasur2014-12-129Dept. of OlericultureCOH, Vellanikkara

Tomato Blossom end rot

Blotchy ripening

Cat face

Puffiness

Sunscald

Cracking

Gold fleck

Symptoms

• Common and destructive disorder

• Lesion appear at blossom end of fruit while it is green

• Water-soaked spots appear at the point of attachment of

the senescent petals

• Affected portion becomes sunken, leathery and dark

colored

Management

• Balanced irrigation and staking

• Foliar spray of calcium chloride 0.5%

• At fruit development stage

Blotchy ripening

Symptoms:• Irregular ripening, green

blotches over red skin

Causes:

• Severe water stress, poor

potassium uptake and

distribution in plants

Management

• Regulated water supply during fruit development

• Foliar sprays of 0.5% potassium chloride

Cat face

Symptoms:

• The fruit gets distorted at the blossom end

• The fruits have ridges, furrows, indentations and

blotches

• The cells at blossom end of the ovary die and turn black

and forms leathery blotchCauses:• Unfavorable climatic condition during flowering causes

distortion of growth of the pistil cells

Contd…

Cat face

Management

• Grow varieties free from this distortion

• Grow tomatoes in the ample growing conditions

Puffiness

Causes:

o Low or high temperature

o Lack of pollination and fertilization

Symptoms:

• The outer wall continues to develop normally

• But the growth of internal tissues is retarded

Management

• Maintaining optimum soil moisture

• Avoid over irrigation

Sun scald

Symptoms:

• Green or near green of fruits exposed to sun light

• The tissues have blistered, water soaked

appearance

• Rapid desiccation leads sunken area on ripe fruits

Management:

• To grow cultivars with heavy foliage provide

protection to fruits

Fruit cracking

Symptoms:o Radial cracking is more severe than

concentric crackingo Cracking start from stem end in ripe

fruitso Concentric crack around the shoulders

of green fruitCauses: Rain after a long dry spell

Management

Maintain optimum soil moisture

Grow resistant cultivars

Ex:-pusa ruby, Sioux, Roma, Arka saurabh

Spray borax at 0.3 - 0.4%

Gold flake

Causes:

Higher supply of calcium and phosphate

fertilizers

Excess calcium oxalates

Symptoms:

Tiny yellow spots appear on the fruits

surface around the calyx and fruit shoulder

Management Apply recommended dose of calcium and potassic

fertilizers

Provide shade during summer season

Brinjal

Poor fruit sett

Causes:

Due to presence of large number of pseudo short

styled and short styled flowers

Dropping of long and medium styled flowers

Management:

Spraying of 2,4-D (2 ppm) and NAA (60 ppm) at full

bloom stage

Chili and Sweet Pepper

Blossom end rot

Symptoms:

Water soaked spots appear on blossom end

of the fruits

The spots become light brown, papery and

finally lesions dry out

Causes:

Heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizer

Heavy irrigation after a dry spell

Management

Heavy dose of nitrogenous fertilizer should be

avoided

Irrigate the crop properly

Maintain optimum moisture in soil

Chilling injury

Causes:

Expose of fruits to low temperature

Symptoms:

Surface pitting, premature loss of firmness

Fruits fail to ripen and poor color development

Management :

Maintains the optimum growing conditions

Beans

Transverse cotyledon cracking

Symptoms:

Major disorder in French bean

Due to planting dry seeds in wet soil

White seeded cultivars are more prone

Seeds with 12% moisture has better germination

Tapioca

Vascular streaking

Causes:

Complex biochemical change and wounding

increased respiration rate and ethylene production

Symptoms:

Blue black discolorations on the ring of vascular tissues

Disorder takes the form of streaks-” Blue Vein”

Management:

Pruning of aerial parts at 2 weeks before harvest

Thank you