Physio ex respiratory system
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Transcript of Physio ex respiratory system
Respiratory System• The respiratory system is situated in the thorax and is
comprises of the nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
• The function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gaseous exchange to take place in the lungs and tissue cells of the body.
Respiration – process of transferring oxygen to and
removing carbon dioxide from cells in the body
Ventilation - physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Diaphragm - main muscle of breathing or ventilation
2 Phases of Ventilation:
a. Inspiration – air is taken into the lungs
- occurs as the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
b. Expiration – air is expelled out of the lungs
-inspiratory muscles relax, causing the diaphragm to rise and the chest wall to
move inward.
Objectives
• To describe the role of muscles and volume changes in the mechanics of breathing
• To understand that the lungs do not contain muscle and that respirations are therefore caused by external forces
• To explore the effect of changing airway resistance on breathing
• To study the effect of surfactant on lung function• To examine the factors that cause lung collapse• To understand the effects of hyperventilation,
rebreathing, and breath holding on the CO2 level in the blood.
Methodology
• Use of the program Physio Ex 5.0• 5 Activities were done.
• Activity 1: Measuring Respiratory Volumes• Activity 2: Examining the Effect of Changing Airway
Resistance on Respiratory Volumes • Activity 3: Examining the Effect of Surfactant• Activity 4: Investigating Intrapleural Pressure• Activity 5: Exploring Various Breathing Patterns
Results and Discussion
Radius Flow T.V. ERV IRV RV VC FEV1 TLCPump
Rate
5.00 13,356 500 1200 3091 1200 4791 3541 5991 15
Table 1. Baseline Respiratory Values
Results and Discussion
• Minute Respiratory Volume (MRV)
- the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled from a person's lungs in one minute
- can be calculated by multiplying tidal volume by Breaths per minute (BPM)
• MRV = TV x BPM
= 7500 ml/min• It is an important parameter in respiratory medicine due
to its relationship with blood carbon dioxide levels.
Results and Discussion
Radius Flow TV ERV IRV RV VC FEV1 TLCPump
Rate
4.50 7.963 328 787 2,028 1,613 3,143 2,303 4,756 15
4.00 4,983 205 492 1,266 1,908 1,962 1,422 3,871 15
3.50 2,919 120 288 742 2,112 1,150 822 3,262 15
3.00 1,578 65 156 401 2,244 621 436 2,865 15
Table 2. Values of Airway resistance on Respiratory Volumes
2 types of Pulmonary Diseases
• Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- characterized by chronic obstruction of the small airways.
- people having obstructive pulmonary diseases have difficulty in removing air from their lungs.
- ex. Bronchitis, Emphysema, and Asthma• Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
- restrict lung expansion, resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation.
- ex. Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pneumonia, Pulmonary Edema, or other types of inflammatory lung diseases.
Results and Discussion
RadiusPump
Rate
Surfact
ant
Pressur
e left
Pressur
e right
Flow
Left
Flow
Right
Total
Flow
5 15 5 0.53 0.53 49.69 49.69 99.38
5 15 7 0.53 0.53 69.56 69.56 139.13
Table 4. Comparison of a Normal and an Addition of Surfactant in the Lungs
Results and Discussion
• Surface tension arises because water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another than to air molecules.
• Surface tension produces an inwardly directed force that tends to reduce alveolar diameter.
• Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein rich in phospholipid.
• Surface tension arises because water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another than to air molecules.
Results and Discussion
RadiusPump
Rate
Surfact
ant
Pressur
e left
Pressur
e Right
Flow
Left
Flow
Right
Total
Flow
5.0 15 5 0.53 0.53 49.69 49.69 99.38
5.0 15 5 0 0.53 0 49.69 49.69
5.0 15 5 0 0.53 0 49.69 49.69
5.0 15 5 0.53 0.53 49.69 49.69 99.38
Table 4. Investigating Intrapleural Pressure
Results and Discussion
• Intrapleural Pressure - pressure within the pleural cavity. Less than the pressure within the alveoli.
• Negative pressure caused by 2 forces:
- tendency of the lung to recoil due to its elastic properties
- surface tension of the alveolar fluid• Opening in the thoracic wall causes equalization of the
intrapleural and atmospheric pressure (Pneumothorax)• Pneumothorax allows lung collapse, a condition called
atelectasis.
Results and Discussion
Condition PCO2
Max
PCO2
Min PCO2
Pump
RateRadius Total Flow
Rapid
Breathing43.77 45.00 40.54 39.19 5.0 2,683.40
Rebreathin
g47.97 52.95 45.00 14.93 5.0 2,941.31
Breath
Holding51.86 58.00 45.00 13.87 5.0 2,950.11
Table 5. Pressure, Pump Rate and Total Flow in Various Breathing Patterns