Physics Opportunities with heavy quark system at FAIR
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Physics Opportunities with heavy quark system at FAIR
Su Houng Lee Yonsei Univ., Korea
1. Introduction to FAIR
2. Heavy quark system in nuclear medium
3. Heavy exotics from heavy Ion collision
4. Summary
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Introduction to FAIR
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Researchat GSI
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FAIR FAIR 1. CBM 2-35 GeV Heavy Ion (Gold) projectile
QCD phase diagram at high baryon density
2. PANDA: anti proton project (1-15 GeV) charmonium sprectroscopy, origin of hadron mass
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Heavy quark system in nuclear medium
Physics with antiproton beam
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QCD Vacuum
3(250 MeV)qq 30.8 (250 MeV)qq
Partial Chiral symmetry restoration in nuclear matter
Could be probed by light vector mesons
Nuclear matter
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From Volker Metag’s recent talk
Shocking
result !!
New structure appearing?
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2 3380 MeV/fms B
2 3380 MeV/fms E
2 3365 MeV/fms B
2 3335 MeV/fms E
Change of gluonic background in nuclear matter
could be probed by heavy quark system
QCD Vacuum Nuclear matter
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Why Heavy Quark system can probe this gluonic change
1. Heavy quark propagation
mqqS
1)( where,...........)()()()( qSGqSqSqSG
Perturbative treatment are possible
because 0for even qqm QCD
q
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2. System with two heavy quarks
..)2/1(4
),(...)(
2222
21
0
n
n Gqxqm
xqFdxq
Perturbative treatment are possible when
222 4 QCDqm
2q
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q2<0: QCD sum rules for charmonium (cc)
3090
3000
3400
35003570
42
2
MeV 20350
with0)(q prediction rule sum QCD
G
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Heavy quark propagator is is sensitive to only gluon fields
and therefore the mass of heavy quark system will change in nuclear medium
2 2 0s sB E
2 2, 0s sB E
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Approaches for charmonium mass shift Approaches for charmonium mass shift in nuclear matterin nuclear matter
Quantum numbers
QCD 2nd Stark eff.
Potential model
QCD sum rules
Effects of DD loop
c 0-+ –8 MeV –5 MeV(Klingl, SHL ,Weise)
No effect(SHL, Ko)
J/ 1-- –8 MeV(Peskin, Luke)
-10 MeV(Brodsky et al).
–7 MeV(Klingl, SHL ,Weise)
<2 MeV(SHL, Ko)
0,1,2+
+
-40 MeV(SHL)
-60 MeV(SHL)
No effect on
1-- -100 MeV(SHL)
< 30 MeV(SHL, Ko)
1-- -140 MeV(SHL)
< 30 MeV(SHL, Ko)
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Such experiment can be done at Such experiment can be done at 1. GSI future accelerator facility
⇒ anti proton project (1-15 GeV)
HESR
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Anti proton
4 to 6 GeV/ck
Heavy nuclei
3 2
11.2
0.17 5fm
fm fm
1/3 12 1.310 / for A=125
0.8
At fm c
c
Anti proton project at GSI
Anti proton will be absorbed at surface and
Charmonium will decay inside the heavy nuclei
e
e
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Production rate:Production rate:
JPC Mass shift
Final state
to final state
Events per day
J/ 1-- –8 MeV e+ + e- 6 pb 100
1-- –100 MeV e+ + e- 0.6 pb 10
1-- -100 MeV e+ + e- 1 pb 17
0++ -50 MeV J/+ 200 pb 3400
1++ -50 MeV J/+ 80 pb 1360
0++ -50 MeV J/+ 350 pb 5950
2
2 2 21 2
2 1
(2 1)(2 1) ( ) / 4in out Total
BWR Total medium
B BJ
s s k E E
32 2 1Luminosity = 2 10 cm s
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Charmonium spectrum
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Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943)
Zeeman effect: Nobel prize 1902
Johannes Stark (1874-1957)
Stark effect: Nobel prize 1919
Similar to discoveries in E&M
Beginning of the Femtophysics era
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Heavy exotics from Heavy Ion collision
Physics with CBM
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aq
aq
aq
bq
abc
Attractions in quark-antiquark vs. diquark
One gluon exchanger
1
3
4
r
1
3
4
2
1
Lattice calculationr r2
1
kiki
SSmm
C
3
1 kiki
SSmm
C Phenomenological fit to hadron spectrum
color spin interaction
2Zmm
mmE
ji
ji
2/1Zmm
mmE
ji
ji
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Color spin interaction explains hadron spectrum
Works very well with 3CB=CM = constant
Nucleon
u u d
2222
2 2
1duuduu
q
B
duduuuki
B
ssssssm
C
ssssssmm
C
Baryon Mass difference Meson Mass difference
MeV 1500 MeV, 500 MeV, 300 csdu mmmm
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When will a pentaquark form ?
qu
d du
Strong quark-antiquark attraction
qu
dd
uqu
d du
Weak quark-antiquark attraction
sc
Epentaquark-Emeson-Baryon= -50MeV
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a ud
b
bu da
When will a tetraquark form ?
au
d b
Strong quark-antiquark attraction
Weak quark-antiquark attraction
ss cc
Etetraquark-E2-meson= +38 MeV
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Success of statistical model
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel (95 …)
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Exotic particle production: elementary vs HIC
Exotic particle production from elementary processes
cu
d du
QGP
cu
d du
N=c exp(-m/T)
Exotic particle production from Heavy Ion collision
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Possible Decay mode of charmed Pentaquark
cu
d du
+
L=1
exotic Decay mode Final states Branching ratio
udusc uds() +uc(D0) + k0 0 (k+ -)
+ k0 - +
2.3 % (3.8 % )
5.97 %
uud(p) +sc (Ds-) P + k0 -
P + k+ - -
2.82 %
9.2 %
ududc udu (p)+dc (D-) P + k0 -
P + k+ - -
2.82 %
9.2 %
udd (n)+uc (D0) n + k0 0 (k+ -)
n + k0 - +
2.3 % (3.8 % )
5.97 %
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Rough estimate of events at RHIC
cu
d du
c
Central collision (0-10%)
dNcc/dy = 2.2 (phenix)
Final state Decay mode Final states Branching ratio
ududc udu (p)+dc (D-) p + k0 -
P + k+ - - 2.82 %
9.2 %
udd (n)+uc (D0) n + k0 0 (k+ -)
n + k0 - +
2.3 % (3.8 % )
5.97 %
00045.003.0148
12.2
ratio Branching]/exp[//
TmdydNdydN pDc
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Possible Decay mode of Tetra-quark
cu dc
exotic Decay mode Final states Branching ratio
uscc uc (D0)+sc (Ds-) D0 (k0 0 , k+ -k0 - + )
Ds-(k0k- , k-k+ -) 3.6 % ( 4.4 %)
udcc dc (D-)+uc (D0) D- (k0 -l k+ - - ) +
D0 (k0 0 , k+ -k0 - + )
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If STAR can do it, CBM can do much better
kD0
STAR CBM
4 month Au+Au at 25 AGeV CBM
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And also at LHC (W.Liu, C.M.Ko, SHL 07)
udud c ud cc
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SummarySummary
1. From PANDA (anti proton beam), can look at the charmonium mass shift in nuclear medium
Beginning of Femto Physics
Hint to confinement and QCD vacuum
3. From CBM (heavy Ion Physics), can look at heavy Exotics
New exotic hadron in QCD
If found the first real exotic ever, will tell us about QCD and dense matter color superconductivity
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4 month Au+Au at 25 AGeV CBM
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q2 processexpansion parameter
negativeQCD sum rules for heavy
quarks
0Photo production of open
charm
m2J/
> 0 Dissociation cross section of bound states
Perturbative treatment are possible when 2222 4 QCDqm
2
2
4mQCD
22
2
4 QmQCD
2/
2
2
4 J
QCD
mm
0/
2
2
J
QCD
mm
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Example: from Volker Metag’s recent talk
Shocking
result !!
New structure appearing?