Physics Final Presentation: Nuclear Physics
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Transcript of Physics Final Presentation: Nuclear Physics
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Nuclear Physics:
Nuclear Fusion, Half-Life Decay, Fundamental Forces, Alpha/Beta/Gamma Particles
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Brief Overview:
Four Fundamental Forces:
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Brief Overview:
Four Fundamental Forces:
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Brief Overview:
Four Fundamental Forces:
• Gravitation• Electromagnetism• Strong Nuclear• Weak Nuclear
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Attraction by force proportional to masses andinversely proportional to the square of the distance
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Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
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~Violation of Symmetry
Decay through weak interaction
~Electroweak Theory
The first type is called the "charged current interaction" because it is mediated by particles that carry an electric charge (the W+ or W− bosons), and is responsible for the beta decay phenomenon. The second type is called the "neutral current interaction" because it is mediated by a neutral particle, the Z boson.
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Nuclear Fusion
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Nuclear Fusion
Fusion of deuterium with tritium creating helium-4, freeing a neutron, and releasing 17.59 MeV of energy, as an appropriate amount of mass changing
forms to appear as the kinetic energy of the products, in agreement with kinetic E = Δmc2, where Δm is the change in rest mass of particles.
1u0 + 235U92 --> 236U*92 --> FF1 + FF2 + (2-5u)
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Half-life decay
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Half-life decay
The amount of time it takes for the substance to have
decayed halfway (or to have lost half of its’... substance).
That simple.
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Alpha Decay/Emission
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Alpha Decay/Emission
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Beta Decay/Emission
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Beta Decay/Emission
Electron or positron (anti-electron) emission... to obtain the optimal ratio or protons to neutrons.
Electron emission is Beta Minus (β−) and positron emission is Beta Plus (β+).
anti-neutrino
electron neutrino
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Gamma Decay/Emission
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Gamma Decay/Emission“The mechanism is that when a nucleus emits an α or β particle, the daughter nucleus is usually left in an excited state. It can then move to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray, in much the same way that an atomic electron can jump to a lower energy state by emitting a photon. Emission of a gamma ray from an excited nuclear state typically requires only 10−12 seconds, and is thus nearly instantaneous. Gamma decay from excited states may also follow nuclear reactions such as neutron capture, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion.”
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"Alpha Emission." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_emission>."Beta Emission." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_emission>."Electromagnetism." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism>."Fundamental Interaction." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction>."Gamma Emission." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 May 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_emission>."Gravitation." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation>."Half-life." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 May 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life>.Image A. Digital image. Image A. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/NuclearReaction.png>.Image B. Digital image. Image B. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg>.Image C. Digital image. Image C. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://i.huffpost.com/gen/935625/thumbs/o-GRAVITYPROBEB-facebook.jpg>.Image D. Digital image. Image D. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/V/W/magnet.jpg>.Image E. Digital image. Image E. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://www.psc.edu/science/Glatzmaier/field_big.gif>.Image F. Digital image. Image F. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://media-s3.viva-images.com/vivastreet_ve/clad/b3/f/38463550/large/1.jpg?dt=88c665742d0255c2803d9dba1b1e1ac2>.Image G. Digital image. Image G. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://someinterestingfacts.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Nuclear-Fission-vs-Fusion.jpg>.Image H. Digital image. Image H. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Nuclear_Force_anim_smaller.gif>.Image I. Digital image. Image I. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Weak_decay_diagram.svg>.Image J. Digital image. Image J. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/83/strong-nuclear-force.PNG>.Image K. Digital image. Image K. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Alpha_Decay.svg>.Image L. Digital image. Image L. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cobalt-60_Decay_Scheme.svg>."Nuclear Fusion." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion>."Strong Interaction." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 May 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction>."Weak Interaction." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 May 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction>.
Works Cited
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