Physics and chemistry

PHYSICS AND

CHEMISTRY

5th Grade – Science – Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

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MATTER

Matter is anything that takes up space.

What is matter? What is mass?

Mass measures the amount of matter in an object.




WHAT IS VOLUME? Volume is the amount of space that matter takes up.



PR

OP

ER

TIE

S

All matter has

properties.

They tell you what

an object is like.

Taste, Smell,

Size, Colour,

Weight and Hardness

are all properties of matter.5th Grade – Science – Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com


WHAT IS AN ATOM? An atom is the smallest unit of matter.



STATES OF MATTER

The 3 states of matter are: solid, liquid and gas.




SO

LID

STA

TE

•It has a certain shape and volume on its own.

•Atoms, (or particles), stay close together.

•They move back and forth.



LIQ

UID

STA

TE

• It has a certain volume but no shape of its own.

• They take on the shape of their container.

• The atoms are farther apart than those in solids.

• Liquids change shapes because the atoms move around each other.



GA

S S

TA

TE

• It does not have a shape or volume of its own.

• The atoms are separated by space and move around more than atoms in liquids and solid.

• Gases spread out and can fill all space in a container.



SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GAS



MEASURING MATTER

We can describe matter measuring its properties.




Length It measures the distance between two points. It can be measured with a meter stick. Units for measuring length are:

Metre Kilometre ( 1 Km = 1,000 m) Centimetre (1 m = 100 cm) Millimetre (1 m = 1,000 mm)

Meter Stick



It measures the amount of space that matter takes up.

Volume can be measured:

With a meter stick. We need to know: The length The width the answer will be in cubic meters

The height With a graduated cylinder to measure

the volume of liquids.Units for measuring volume of liquids are:

Litre Millilitre (1 l = 1,000 ml)

Volume




It measures the weight of matter. It can be measured with a balance or scale. Units for measuring mass are:

Kilogram Gram (1Kg = 1,000 g) Milligram (1 g = 1,000 mg)

Mass

Balance

Kitchen Scale

Body Scale

Digital Scale



CONVERSION TABLE

Km

Hm

Dam

m

dm

cm

mm

Kg

Hg

Dag

g

dg

cg

mg

Kl

Hl

Dal

l

dl

cl

ml

Units for measuring length Units for measuring weight

Units for measuring volume

Capacity Weight Volume

1 litre 1 Kilo 1 dm3

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

x 10

Equivalent Measures



ELEMENTS,

MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS

AND

MOLECULES OF COMPOUNDS




WH

AT IS

AN

ELEM

EN

T?

Matter that is

made of only one kind of atom is called

element.

http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm

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http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm

http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/&usg=__WUbdYfbihzBS_ektaRaBk1N6DGA=&h=480&w=580&sz=19&hl=es&start=5&um=1&tbnid=G4wY8RtD2Q3A

WH

AT IS

A M

OLEC

ULE?

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join

together chemically

.

Hydrogen (H2)

Nitrogen (N2)




WH

AT IS

A

CO

MP

OU

ND

?

A compound

is a molecule

that contains at least two different

elements.

All compounds

are molecules, but not all molecules

are compounds.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Molecules of Water (HO2)

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)




ELEMENTS, MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS

PICTURES




For example: Hydrogen, (H2), Oxygen, (O2), Nitrogen, (N2), and Chlorine, (Cl2), are no compounds because each is composed of a single element. They are molecules.

Nitrogen Oxide, (NO), Water, (H2O), Nitrogen Dioxide, (NO2), and Carbon Dioxide, (CO2), are compounds because each is made from more than one element.

A single molecule of Hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen, while a single molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

CHANGES




PHYSICAL CHANGES Changes in size and

shape and the way things look are called physical changes.

Another example of physical change is when matter changes from one state to another state:



CHANGES FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER STATE

Solids can be changed to liquids – heat melts solids and changes them to solids. This process is called liquefaction.

Liquids can be changed into gases – when water is heated to 100º C, it changes from a liquid into water vapor or gas. This process is called evaporation.



Gases can be changed into liquids – cooling air can cause water vapor to change from a gas to a liquid. This process is called condensation.

Liquids can be changed to solids – when liquid water is cooled to a temperature of 0º, it changes to a solid called ice. This is called the freezing point of water, or solidification.

CHANGES FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER STATE



WH

AT IS

A M

IXTU

RE?

Mixtures are two or

more substances that can be mixed together, but can also be

separated again.



WH

AT IS

A S

OLU

TIO

N?

A solution is a

homogeneous mixture

composed of two or more substances, in which one substance is dissolved in another, so

the properties

are the same throughout.



CHEMICAL CHANGES When matter

changes into a different type of matter, it is called a chemical change.

A substance goes through a chemical change when it is turned into one or more new substances.



Physics and chemistry

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