FOLIO FIZIK

NAMA PELAJAR : MUSFIRAH BINTI MOHAMED

TINGKATAN : 5 CAMELLIA

QUESTIONS :

a) Describe the electromagnetic spectrum (using diagram)b) State the properties of electromagnetic waves (using diagram)c) Describe the application and its detrimental effects of each components of

the electromagnetic spectrum

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. The sun, earth, and other bodies radiate electromagnetic energy of varying wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy passes through space at the speed of light in the form of sinusoidal waves. The wavelength is the distance from wavecrest to wavecrest (see figure below).

Light is a particular type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen and sensed by the human eye, but this energy exists at a wide range of wavelengths. The micron is the basic unit for measuring the wavelength of electomagnetic waves. The spectrum of waves is divided into sections based on wavelength. The shortest waves are gamma rays, which have wavelengths of 10e-6 microns or less. The longest waves are radio waves, which have wavelengths of many kilometers. The range of visible consists of the narrow portion of the spectrum, from 0.4 microns (blue) to 0.7 microns (red).

Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation

Region Wavelength(Angstroms)

Wavelength(centimeters)

Frequency(Hz)

Energy(eV)

Radio > 109 > 10 < 3 x 109 < 10-5

Microwave 109 - 106 10 - 0.01 3 x 109 - 3 x 1012 10-5 - 0.01

Infrared 106 - 7000 0.01 - 7 x 10-5 3 x 1012 - 4.3 x 1014 0.01 - 2

Visible 7000 - 4000 7 x 10-5 - 4 x 10-5 4.3 x 1014 - 7.5 x 1014 2 - 3

Ultraviolet 4000 - 10 4 x 10-5 - 10-7 7.5 x 1014 - 3 x 1017 3 - 103

X-Rays 10 - 0.1 10-7 - 10-9 3 x 1017 - 3 x 1019 103 - 105

Gamma Rays < 0.1 < 10-9 > 3 x 1019 > 105

PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

In general, as a wave’s wavelength increases, the frequency decreases, and as wave’s wavelength decreases, the frequency increases. When electromagnetic energy is released as the energy level increases, the wavelength decreases and frequency decreases. Thus, electromagnetic radiation is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength or frequency into the electromagnetic spectrum. The different types electromagnetic radiation shown in the electromagnetic spectrum consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we are able to see is the visible light spectrum

 

Electromagnetic waves(source/characteristics)

Application Detrimental effects

a) GAMMA RAYdangerous rays coming from nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. They have the shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum of about 1/10,000,000 centimeter.

- Kill cancerous cell- Sterilisation of surgical

tools and food.- Help engineers to

check welds and metal joints.

- Acute radiation sickness

- Irradiated food- Radiated cell

b) X-RAYgo through the body and are used for medical purposes.

- Help doctor to check bones and teeth

- Help engineers to check welds and metal joints

- Kill cancerous cell- X-ray diffraction helps

scientists to study arrangement of atoms in various substances

- Used to detect whether an art piece is genuine or not

- Cell mutation- Cell death- Hydrogen peroxide

levels- Molecule structure- Fetal damage

c) ULTRAVIOLET RAYSrays are what give you sunburn and are used in "black lights" that make object glow

- Fluorescent lamp- Detection of security

markings in currency notes

- Sterilization of surgical tools and plant seedlings

- Skin cancer- Melanoma- Nonmelanoma skin

cancers- Cataracts- Immune suppression

d) VISIBLE LIGHTwaves are the radiation you can see with your eyes. Their wavelengths are in the range of 1/1000 centimeter.

- Photography- Photosynthesis of

plants- Enables human beings

and animals to see- Transmission of

information through optical fibers

- Depression- Brain damage- Macular degeneration- Similar though laser

effect- Breakdown of object’s

molecular structure

e) INFRARED RAYSwaves are barely visible. They are the deep red rays you get from a heat lamp.

- For cooking food-ovens, grills, and toaster

- Remote controls for televisions and video players

- Intruder alarm system

- Eye damage- Skin damage & laser- Greenhouse effect-

Electromagnetic waves(source/characteristics)

Application Detrimental effects

f) MICROWAVESare used in telecommunication as well as for cooking food

- Communication system with satellites

- Used in radar system- Global Positioning

System (GPS)- For cooking-

microwaves oven

- Microwave ovens turn some minerals into cancerous agents

- Foods from a microwave may cause tumors in the stomach and intestine

- Increased cancerous cell in human body

- Decreased immune system function in human

- May cause memory lost

- Cause body to shut down it hormones production

g) RADIO WAVES longest usable waves, having a wavelength of 1 mile (1.5 kilometer) or more.

- For broadcasting and wireless communication

- UHF (Ultra high frequency) radio waves – television and handphone

- VHF(Very high frequency) radio waves - local radio and wireless communication used by the police

- Alzheimer’s, senility and dementia

- Parkinson’s- Autism

- Fatigue

- Headaches

- Sleep disruptions

- Altered memory function , poor concentration and spatial awareness