Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive...
-
Upload
easter-mccormick -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive...
![Page 1: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical Science
![Page 2: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
So what are the names of these particles?
Positive particles?
protons
neutrons
No charge, NEUtral
![Page 3: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bell ringer review: What is this structure made up of protons and neutrons?
protons
neutrons
Atomic nucleus
![Page 4: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What element is this? How do you know?1.Count the number of protons. 2.The # of protons = the __________?
2
![Page 5: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What element is this? How do you know?1.Count the number of protons. 2.The # of protons = the Atomic Number
2
2
He4
![Page 6: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Complete the table to indicate how many protons and neutrons there are.
P3215
Remember, the bottom # is the # of protons (+), or the atomic number. (Verify this on the periodic Chart.
![Page 7: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Complete the table to indicate how many protons and neutrons there are.
P3215The top number is
the mass number, or the atomic mass.
Mass # = protons + neutronsso
Mass # - protons = neutronsOR
Mass # - atomic # = neutrons
![Page 8: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Complete the table to indicate how many protons and neutrons there are.
protons neutrons
15 17
![Page 9: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Remember in chemical reactions there were always the same number of each type of atoms on each side of the arrow?
2H2 + 02 → 2H2OAtoms were just rearranged.
4 H atoms
![Page 10: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Remember in chemical reactions there were always the same number of each type of atoms on each side of the arrow?
2H2 + 02 → 2H2OAtoms were just rearranged.
2 O atoms
Balanced equation
![Page 11: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
But what would happen if an atom actually lost protons?
P3215 ?1330
The atomic number would change!
Change number of p+ means change in mass number too!
![Page 12: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
But what would happen if an atom actually lost protons?
P3013 ?
Note the change in atomic number.So the identity of the element will change!!!!
Al3013
![Page 13: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
This is radioactivity!Radioactivity - the process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagneticradiation.
- there are different types of radiation- this is only one example.
![Page 14: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
This is radioactivity!Radioactive Decay – the process by which an atomic nucleus loses nuclear mass• becomes an isotope by losing neutrons • becomes a different element by losing protons
![Page 15: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nuclear radiation the particles that are released from the nucleus during radioactive decay.
Page
4 Types Nuclear
Radiation
You won’t need to memorize these values but you will need to know relative size.
![Page 16: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
I. Alpha Particle1. Made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons2. Charge of +23. Mass of 4 amu4. Symbolized by - Basically it is a helium nucleus5. Low energy, least penetrating form of radiation, stopped by sheet of paper or skin6. Inside body can cause damage to bio-molecules. (Proteins, DNA)7. Used in smoke detectors: 241Am
(Alpha symbol)
![Page 17: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Alpha Particle8. Alpha Decay –atom loses 2 protons & 2 neutrons.•Loss of mass results in new mass number. •Loss of protons results in new element.•An equation can be written:
Pu240
94 U236
92He +42
![Page 18: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Writing equations for Alpha DecayStep 1: Write the nuclide notation for your starting material,Step 2: Write the nuclide notation for the particle released.
Pu240
94 He 42
![Page 19: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Writing equations for Alpha DecayStep 1: Write the nuclide notation for your starting material,Step 2: Write the nuclide notation for the particle released.
Pu240
94 He 42
Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236
+236
![Page 20: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Writing equations for Alpha DecayStep 1: Write the nuclide notation for your starting material,Step 2: Write the nuclide notation for the particle released.
Pu240
94 He 42
Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236 Step 4: Subtract the protons lost. 94 – 2 = 92
+23692
![Page 21: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Writing equations for Alpha DecayStep 1: Write the nuclide notation for your starting material,Step 2: Write the nuclide notation for the particle released.
Pu240
94 He 42
Step 3: Subtract the atomic mass units lost. 240 – 4 = 236 Step 4: Subtract the protons lost. 94 – 2 = 92Step 5: Look up the new identity of the element and write the symbol.
+23692 U
Atomic number
![Page 22: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
When one element turns into another element by the process of radioactive decay this is called
transmutation
Pu240
94 He 42
+23692 U
![Page 23: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anti-nutrino
II. Beta decay1. A neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron!
e-This electron is called a Beta particle
Symbol -
![Page 24: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Anti-nutrino
II. Beta decay1. A neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron!
e-This electron is called a Beta particle
Symbol -
You could draw a picture of the change that looked like this.
![Page 25: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
II. Beta decay1. A neutron turns into a proton and emits an
electron!2. Beta particle symbol: e or -
3. Charge: negative4. Mass = 0 so the nuclide mass stays the
same.5. Higher energy that alpha particles, can pass
through paper but stopped by aluminum foil.6. Inside the body will damage cells.7. Overall gain of one proton so transmutation
has occurred.
0-1
![Page 26: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7. Overall gain of one proton so transmutation has occurred. Example:
C14
6 e 0
-1 +14
![Page 27: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7. Overall gain of one proton so transmutation has occurred. Example:
C14
6 e 0
-1 +147 N
Remember you are subtracting so 6 – (-1) = 6 + 1 = 7
![Page 28: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Keep in mind that there is another type of Beta decay called Positron emission – you’ll learn about it in chemistry but we won’t worry about it right now.
Free
Informatio
n
![Page 29: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
III. Gamma Rays1.symbol:2.Electromagnetic rays (not matter)3.The highest energy and shortest wavelength of the entire spectrum.
Rays have enough energy to penetrate skin, paper and even wood. Usually contained by concrete lined with lead.
![Page 30: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
III. Gamma Rays1.symbol:2.Electromagnetic rays (not matter)3.The highest energy and shortest wavelength of the entire spectrum.4.No mass or charge.5.Travel at the speed of light.6.May not cause as much damage to tissues because they do not carry a charge.7.Useful in treating cancers by directing a beam of radiation at tumors.• 99Tc most widely used radio-isotope in
medicine.
![Page 31: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
III. Gamma Rays8. Transmutation does not occur by gamma emission.
![Page 32: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
IV. Neutron emission1. high energy neutrons emitted from a
nucleus.2. Neutron is matter and has mass3. Relatively high energy, between beta and
gamma particles, can penetrate concrete4. occurs in heavy isotopes (He-5) and high
mass radio active elements (Cf-252)
![Page 33: Physical Science. Sec 1: What is radioactivity? So what are the names of these particles? Positive particles? protons neutrons No charge, NEUtral.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c1935b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
IV. Neutron emission8. Transmutation does NOT occur . . . but change in
mass number does due to loss of neutron.