Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed...

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Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed proportion Chemical bond - the force that holds atoms together Covalent bond - a chemical bond in which two atoms (both nonmetals!) share a pair of valence electrons Ionic bond- a chemical bond that forms between atoms of a metal and a nonmetal Form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another Results in the formation of ions – atoms that have a net positive or negative electric charge This charge is due to the loss or gain of electrons This transferring of electrons allows electricity to flow through solutions of ionic compounds

Transcript of Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed...

Page 1: Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed.

Physical Science: Ch 6 NotesA. Atoms Bond to form Compounds

Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed proportion

Chemical bond- the force that holds atoms together

Covalent bond- a chemical bond in which two atoms (both nonmetals!) share a pair of valence electrons

Ionic bond- a chemical bond that forms between atoms of a metal and a nonmetal

Form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Results in the formation of ions – atoms that have a net positive or negative electric charge

This charge is due to the loss or gain of electrons

This transferring of electrons allows electricity to flow through solutions of ionic compounds

Page 2: Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed.

Physical Science: Ch 6 NotesCation – an ion with a positive charge (due to loss of electrons)

Anion – an ion with a negative charge (due to gain of electrons)

Naming ionic compoundsexamples: magnesium chloride

copper sulfidezinc oxide

the trend: cation anion-ide

Molecule – a neutral group of atoms (nonmetals!) that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds

The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent bond

Molecules are named using prefixes that describe the number of atoms of each element in the molecule

Page 3: Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed.

Physical Science: Ch 6 NotesPrefixes for naming COVALENTLY bonded molecules:1=mono 6=hexa2=di 7=hepta3=tri 8=octa4=tetra 9=nona5=penta 10=deca

Examples: N2O4 is dinitrogen tetraoxideP3F7 is triphosphorus heptafluorideNO2 is nitrogen dioxide

NOTICE: the second element still ends in –idethe prefix mono is not usually used for the first

element in the name (NO2 is nitrogen dioxide)

REMEMBER: When naming chemicals, prefixes are only used when nonmetals are bonded (COVALENT MOLECULES)! Prefixes are NOT used for naming Ionic Compounds.

Page 4: Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed.

Physical Science: Ch 6 NotesB. Properties of Ionic and Covalent chemicals

IONIC COVALENT

-usually solid at room temperature

-have high melting and boiling points

-forms solid crystals

-solutions of ionic compounds conduct electricity

-usually dissolve in water very well

-usually liquid or gas at room temp

-lower melting and boiling points

-does not form solid crystals

-solutions do not conduct electricity

-usually do not dissolve in water very well

Page 5: Physical Science: Ch 6 Notes A. Atoms Bond to form Compounds Compound- a substance that is composed of two or more different elements joined in a fixed.

Physical Science: Ch 6 NotesC. Metals

Alloy – a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

Bronze – alloy of copper and tin metals

Brass – alloy of copper and zinc metals

Steel – alloy of iron with small quantities of carbon


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