Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with...
-
Upload
marilyn-watson -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with...
![Page 1: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical Layer
CHAPTER 3
![Page 2: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Announcements
Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 (CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008)
Students eligible for resume reviews include IT and MIS students graduating in December 2015 and May 2016.
MAKE SURE YOU BRING A HARD COPY OF YOUR RÉSUMÉ WITH YOU FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT!!
2
![Page 3: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Signing up for Resume Workshop
Step One: Make sure you have a résumé uploaded! This is very simple. a) Log into SeaWork
https://www.myinterfase.com/uncw/Account/LogOn?ReturnUrl=%2funcw%2fstudent
b) Go to the header My Profile & Docs (top left)c) Under this header go to My Documentsd) Go to Résumés and click Add to upload your current
résumé
Step Two: Sign up for the workshop!e) Go to header On Campus Interviews (4th header from
left)f) Click on Sign Up for Interviews You Qualify Forg) Go to Schedule ID 982 Resume Workshop for CIS and
MIS Majors with Credit Suisse (Schedules are in numerical order)
h) Choose a time slot
3
![Page 4: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Credit Suisse Information Session & Networking Event
Tuesday, September 9 at 5:30pm CIS Building—1st floor auditorium
ISA, ACM, WISE & the Cyber Defense Club are hosting Credit Suisse representatives and UNCW alumni for a presentation followed by a networking reception. We will answer your questions regarding our upcoming summer internship opportunities within our IT division in Raleigh. Summer internships are open to December 2015 and May 2016 graduates.
Refreshments will be provided.
![Page 5: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Outline
Recap2. Application Layer
2.1 Hardware2.2 Application Architecture (Software)2.3 Web2.4 Email
Outline3. Physical Layer
3.1 Circuits3.2 Media3.3 Digital Transmission (Digital Data)3.4 Analog Transmission (Digital Data)3.5 Digital Transmission (Analog Data)
5
![Page 6: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Network Layers
6
Computer 1 Computer 2
![Page 7: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Acronyms
• FDM – Frequency Division Multiplexing
• TDM – Time Division Multiplexing
7
![Page 8: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3 Physical Layer - Overview
Includes network hardware and circuits
Types of Circuits Physical circuits connect devices & include actual
wires
Logical circuits refer to the transmission characteristics of the circuit
Physical and logical circuits may be the same or different. For example, in multiplexing, one physical wire may carry several logical circuits.
8
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
![Page 9: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3.1.2 Circuit Configurations
9
Basic physical layout of the circuit
Configuration types:
Point-to-Point Configuration
Multipoint Configuration
![Page 10: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3.1.2.1 Point-to-Point Configuration
10
![Page 11: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3.1.2.2 Multipoint Configuration
11
![Page 12: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3.1.2 Data Flow (Transmission)
12
How does data flow through the circuit
Configuration types:
Simplex
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex
![Page 13: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3.1.2 Data Flow (Transmission)
13
![Page 14: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3.1.3 Data Flow (Transmission) – Multiplexing
14
Combines many low speed circuits into one high speed transmission
Categories of multiplexing
![Page 15: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3.1.3 Frequency Division MultiplexingMakes a number of smaller channels from a larger frequency band by dividing the circuit “horizontally”
circuit
FDMFDM
Four terminals
Host computer
15
![Page 16: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3.1.3 Time Division Multiplexing
Dividing the circuit “vertically”
• TDM allows terminals to send data by taking turns
16
![Page 17: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3.1.4 Inverse Multiplexing
17
Combines a number of low speed circuits to create a single high speed circuit on the opposite ends
Why would companies choose to do this?
![Page 18: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Inverse Multiplexing (IMUX)
Shares the load by sending data over two or more lines
18
![Page 19: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Became popular as a way to increase data rates in the local loop.
19
![Page 20: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3.2 Media
20
Physical matter that carries the transmission
Types:
• Guided Media
• Radiated (Unguided) Media
![Page 21: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3.2.1.1 Guided: Twisted Pair (TP) Wires
Commonly used for telephones and LANsReduced electromagnetic interferenceTP cables have a number of pairs of wires
Price:
Speed:
Distance:
Common Use:
21
![Page 22: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3.2.1.1 Guided: Twisted Pair (TP) Wires (CAT5e)
22
![Page 23: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3.2.1.2 Guided: Coaxial Cable• Less prone to interference than TP due to shield
• More expensive than TP, thus quickly disappearing
Price:
Speed:
Distance:
Common Use:
23
![Page 24: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3.2.1.2 Guided: Problems with Copper
24
![Page 25: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3.2.1.3 Guided: Fiber Optic Cable
• Light created by an LED (light-emitting diode) or laser is sent down a thin glass or plastic fiber
• Has extremely high capacity, ideal for broadband
• Works well under harsh environments
Price:
Speed:
Distance:
Common Use:
25
![Page 26: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3.2.1.3 Guided: Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cable structure (from center): Core (v. small, 5-50 microns, ~ the size of a single hair) Cladding, which reflects the signal Protective outer jacket
How they are made: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llI8Mf_faVoCommunication: http://www.ehow.com/video_4951202_optical-fiber-work_.html
26
![Page 27: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Types of Optical Fiber
Multimode (about 50 micron core) Earliest fiber-optic systems Signal spreads out over short distances (up to ~500m) Inexpensive
Graded index multimode Reduces the spreading problem by changing the
refractive properties of the fiber to refocus the signal Can be used over distances of up to about 1000 meters
Single mode (about 5 micron core) Transmits a single direct beam through the cable Signal can be sent over many miles without spreading Expensive (requires lasers; difficult to manufacture)
27
![Page 28: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Optical Fiber
28
![Page 29: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3.2.1.3 Guided: Which is faster – Fiber or Copper?
Fiber transmits via light – does that mean it is faster than copper b/c it travels at the speed of light?
Data Carrying Capacity
What should companies use?
3 - 29
![Page 30: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3.2.2.1 Wireless (Unguided) – WLAN (Radio)
Wireless transmission of electrical waves through air
Each device has a radio transceiver with a specific frequency
Includes
Speed:Distance
30
![Page 31: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3.2.2.2 Wireless Media - Microwave
High frequency form of radio communications
Performs same functions as cables
Speed:Distance:
31
![Page 32: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3.2.2.3 Wireless Media - SatelliteSpecial form of microwave communications
Signals travel at speed of light, yet long propagation delay due to great distance between ground station and satellite
Speed:
Distance:
32
![Page 33: Physical Layer CHAPTER 3. Announcements Sign Up for the Resume Workshop for IT and MIS Majors with Credit Suisse 9/9 ( CIS Building 2nd Floor RM 2008.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e2a5503460f94b1743a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3.2 Factors Used in Media Selection
Type of network
Cost
Transmission distance
Security
Error rates
Transmission speeds
33