Physical Features of India 2007 9-A

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    ctivity

    :-- Powerpoint Presentation

    Topic

    :-- Physical Features of India

    FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - I

    chool

    :-- Shri Ramakrishna Harikrishna

    Academy

    ubject:-- Social Science(S.Sc)

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    Name:-- Aman Patel

    Submitted to :-- Dinesh Sharma Sir

    From

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    Contents

    The Himalayan Mountains

    The Northern Plains

    The Peninsular Plateau

    The Indian Desert

    The Coastal Plains

    The Island

    Maps

    NOTE:-- WHOLE CONTENTS ARE HYPERLINKS SO THAT YOU CAN SEE

    TOPIC DIRECTLY.

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    The Himalayan Mountains

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    The HimalayasName

    HimalayaKnown as

    Northern IndiaLocation

    Northern Borders IndiaBoundary

    2,400 km / 400 kmLength/Width

    North/East/West IndiaState

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    K2,Kanchenjuga, Mizohills, etc.

    Peaks

    Ganga, Brahmaputra,Yamuna, Kosi, etc..

    Rivers

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    Introduction

    The highest mountain range in the world, the Himalayan

    range is far-reaching, spanning thousands of miles, and holds

    within it an exceptionally diverse ecology. Coniferous andsubtropical forests, wetlands, and montane grasslands are as

    much a part of this world as the inhospitable, frozen

    mountaintops that tower above.

    The word Himalaya is Sanskrit for abode of snow fitting for

    a stretch of land that houses the worlds largest non-polar ice

    masses.

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    Ranges of Himalayas

    There are three parallel ranges in its longitudinal

    extent. They are :-

    Inner or Great Himalaya (Himadri)

    Himachal or Lesser Himalaya

    Outer Himalaya (Shiwaliks)

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    Origin of Himalayas

    The formation of the Himalayas is the result of acollision of India with Asia along the convergent

    boundary. There were powerful earth movement

    between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian

    Plate that resulted in the creation of the Himalayan

    range. The earth movements raised the deposits,

    which were laid down in the shallow Tethys Sea,

    which is on the present location of the mountains. Collision beneath the earth's surface leads to the

    rising of the Himalayas by about 5 mm per year. The

    heat generated beneath the earth's surface results in

    this action of collision.

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    Location

    The Himalaya is the world's largest mountain range. Its peak is of

    8,000 meters, which is approximately 26, 000 feet. There are 14

    such peaks of Himalayas and hundreds of summits, which are

    around 23,000 feet high. The mountain range stretches 1,700 milesacross an area between Assam and Kashmir. The east is guarded

    Namche Barwa while the west is guarded by the splendid Nanga

    Parbat. The Himalayas are mainly young folded mountains. It

    extends from west to east for about 2,500 km in a curve from thePamit Knot in the northwest to the valley of the Brahmaputra River

    in the east. The width of the Himalayas is of 100 - 400 km. The

    Himalayas range covers an area of 612,021 sq. km. The Himalayas

    passes through five nations: India, Pakistan, China, etc

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    Flora

    They range from tropical deciduous forests in

    the foothills, to temperate forests in the

    middle altitudes. Higher coniferous, sub-

    alpine and alpine forests spring up. These give

    way to alpine grasslands and high altitude

    meadows. They are followed by scrublands

    lead up to the permanent snowline.

    Forests were cut down for firewood and to

    feed the growing number of forest-based

    industries.

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    Fauna

    Animals have special features like thick coat forproviding warmth and tough hooves to run up and

    down the rocky slopes. In the Outer Himalayan

    region the forested lower slopes is the home foranimals like rhinoceroses, bison, and Elephants.

    While in the foothills animals like red panda, brown

    bear, snow leopard, black bear, and languor monkeyare found. Tibetan yak are another animal, which is

    found in areas above 10,000 ft. The Himalayas is

    also the home for rare species like Kashmir stag,

    musk deer, and rhinoceros and beautiful butterflies.

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    Greater Himalayas or Himadri

    Himadri, the great Himalayan zone forms thenorthern boundary of the region stretching in North

    West South East direction, the average width of the

    Himadri is about 50 kms. The average altitude ofthe zone varies from 4,800mts. to 6,000 mts. The

    important peaks of this region are Nanda Devi,

    Kamet, Kedarnath, etc ... Almost all these peaks are

    glacier-garlanded and are separated by transverse

    gorges of the Alaknanda, the Bhagirathi and the

    Dhauli Ganga. The important glaciers of the Himadri

    are: Gangotri, Chaturangi, Bhagirathi, etc.

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    Himachal or Lesser Himalayas

    The central zone of the Himalaya locatedbetween the Himadri and the Shivaliks in the

    north and south respectively, is known as the

    Himachal. With an approximate width of 75kms, the Himachal is a massive mountainous

    tract, separated in the south by the main

    boundary fault. The whole zone is mainly

    composed of metamorphic rocks. The average

    height of the ranges in this zone varies from

    1,500 mts. to 2,700 mts. and of the valley

    bottoms between 500 mts. and 1,200 mts.

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    Himachal or Lesser Himalayas-2

    The rivers cut through barriers to

    drain out lakes, such as the ones in

    the vicinity of Baijnath in the Garur

    valley, Agastmuni (Mandakini valley)

    and around the basins of the Bhim Tal

    and the Naukuchiya Tal in Nainital

    District.

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    Shiwaliks

    A long chain of narrow and low hills, from 300 mts.

    to 600 mts. in elevation, lie almost parallel to the

    main ranges of the Himanchal.The hill slopes are steeper on the southern side

    while on the northern side the slope is gentler and

    merged to flat floored structural valleys called

    'duns'. The important duns are Dehra, Kohtri,

    Chaukham, Patti and Kota. The dun of Dehra

    (Dehradun) is the biggest with a length of 35 kms.

    And width of 25 kms.

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    Rivers and Mountains

    Rivers

    Ganga

    Yamuna

    Satluj

    Brahmaputra

    Ravi

    Kosi

    Chambal

    Jhelum

    Indus

    Mountains

    K2

    Kanchenjunga

    Nanga Parbat

    Naga Hills

    Mizo Hills

    Manipur Hills

    Nanda Devi

    Kamet

    Namcha Barwa

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    Duns

    The longitudinal valley lying between the

    lesser himalayas and the Shiwaliks are knownas Duns.

    DehraDun, KotliDun and PatliDun are

    some of the well known Duns.

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    Photo Gallery - 1

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    Photo Gallery2

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    Photo Gallery - 3

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    Thought

    In these hills, Nature's hospitality eclipses all

    men can ever do. The enchanting beauties of

    the himalayas, their bracing climate and thesoothing green that envelope you leaves

    nothing more to be desired. I wonder

    whether the scenery of these hills and theclimate are to be surpassed, if qualified, by

    any of the beauty spots of the world.

    -- Mahatma Gandhi

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    The Northern Plains

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    The Northern PlainsName

    GangaBrahmaputraPlainKnown as

    Northern IndiaLocation

    Most fertile part ofIndia

    Features

    7 lakh sq. kmArea

    Rajastan,Punjab,Delhi,

    U.P.,Bihar, etc..States

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    Introduction

    The Northern Plains Occupy the greater part of the northern india . It

    is also known as GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA plains. It extends from the

    satlujriver in the west to the Brahmaputra river in the east, from

    about 24,00 km. And The Northern plains extend betweenthe The

    Great Himalayas in the North And The Great Peninsular Plateau in

    the South. The width of northern plains decreases towards the east.

    The northern plains of the India are made up of fine slitbrought bythe rivers coming from the Himalaya mountains in the north and the

    central highlands in the south. This fertile slit is called Allumium. The

    thickness of the alluvium deposited by the rivers varies from place to

    place.It is densly populated area.

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    Northen Plains are divided into

    three they are:--

    The Rajasthan Plains OR The Great Indian Desert

    The Ganga Basin

    The Brahmaputra Valley OR The Assam Plains

    On the bases of difference in relief. It is divided

    into four section:--

    i) Bhabar iii)Bhangar

    ii) Terai iv)Khadar

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    Origin of Northern Plain

    The Northern Plains has been formed by the

    interplayof the three major rivers systems , namely-The Indus , The Ganga , The Brahmaputra along with

    their tributaries. The depositionof alluvium in a vas

    basins lying at the foothills of the himalaya over

    million of years formed this fertile plain. Numorouslarge cities have been evolved on the banks of the

    rivers. The northern plains stretch between the

    Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau.

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    Location of Northern Plain

    Area Type: Hypsographic

    Location Type: Plain(s)

    Latitude: 27

    Longitude: 80

    Latitude (DMS): 27 0' 0 N

    Longitude (DMS): 80 0' 0 E

    Northern Plains is locatedtowards the northern

    India as below picture given . And the Northern

    Plains is betweenthe The Himalayas And ThePeninsular Plateau.

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    Importance of Northern Plains

    North India consists of Fifteen to Sixteen of Indian

    states: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,

    Uttaranchal, Punjab, Haryana and Delhi, Rajasthan..

    This soil is very soft and fertile. Major crops such as

    wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds and jute are

    grown here. This plain is the 'food bowl of India.

    Therefore wells, tube-wells and canals can be dug for

    irrigation. Due to proper irrigation it is the largest

    producerof food grains in India.

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    This is one of the most thickly populatedplain of

    the world. The most thickly populated States ofIndia Uttar Pradesh and Bihar lie in this plain.

    The land being even, the transportationand

    communicationis easy. This plain has a network ofrailways and roads. Some important industrieslike

    iron, steel, jute, cement, sugar and textile are

    spread evenly over the whole region.

    Importance of Northern Plains-2

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    Structure of Agriculture

    Farmingon The Northern Plain primarily consists

    of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Other crops

    include maize, sugarcane, and cotton ..

    The main source is of rainfalland the southwest

    monsoon which is normally sufficient for general

    agriculture. The many riversflowing out of the

    Himalayas provide water for major irrigation works.

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    Climate In Northern Plains

    The Summer months of May and June are very hot

    in the plains. Hot winds called loo blow during the

    day. Rivers, lakes and ponds dry up and many places

    are hit by severe drought.

    In the Northern Plains, July and August are wet and

    humid months. In certain areas, heavy rains cause

    the rivers to overflow and floods occur.

    The Northern Plains experience a cold wave in the

    months of December, January and February. Cold

    winds blowfrom the north.

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    Life Style of people in Northern

    Plains

    Agricultureis the main occupation of people living

    in villages. They grow different crops depending on

    which part of the country they belong to. There are

    many industries, factories and handicrafts.

    belonging to each state that provide people with

    livelihood. Kutchahousesare found in the villagesandpucca housesin towns and cities. In Assam,

    people build wooden houses on stilts because of

    frequent floods.

    l h h l

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    Cloths The People Wear In

    Northern plains

    Womenin the Northern Plains wear sarees, salwar-

    kameez, churidar-kurta and lehnga-kurta. Menwear kurta-pyjama, lungi-kurta, dhoti-kurta or

    trousers with shirt.

    In Assam, womenwear traditional long skirtscalled mekhalawith ariha and a shawl

    called chadar.

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    Flora

    Haryanahas a forest covered landof about 3.5 per

    cent of the total area of India. A thorny dry deciduou

    forest Like.. pine and thorny shrubs can be found all

    over the state. Chief trees are Babul , Khair , Neem ,

    Mango , Java Plum , Imli , Banyan , Sagwan or Teak,

    Ber or Indian Jujube , Mitha Jal or Pillu, Semul, Khejri, Amla, Dhak , mulberry, eucalyptus, Guava, pine and

    poplar trees in haryana forest.

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    Fauna Leopard

    Jungle Cat

    Mammals

    King Fisher

    Purple SunbirdColorful Birds

    Krait

    PhoosraSnakes

    Kirla

    SandaLizards

    Indian bull frog

    Indian cricket frogFrogs

    Chunni

    BataFishes

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    Wildlife parks and reserves

    Corbett National Park

    Dachigam National Park

    Great Himalayan National Park

    Desert National Park

    Kanha National Park

    Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

    Dudhwa National Park

    Ranthambhore National Park

    Kalesar National Park

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    Holy Places Of Northern Plains

    The largest Hindu temple in India, Akshardham Temple.

    The largest mosque, Jama Masjid are both located in this region.

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    Photo Gallery - 1

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    Photo Gallery - 2

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    Photo Gallery - 3

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    Photo Gallery - 4

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    The Peninsular Plateau

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    The Peninsular PlateauName

    The Great CountryKnown as Central and Southern

    India

    Location

    Rich in MineralsFeatures

    600 to 900 mHeight

    Eastern and Western

    Ghats

    Ghats

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    Introduction

    The Peninsular Plateau are located towards the

    south of the northern plains. It is formed due to

    the breaking and drifting of Gondwana land. It is roughly triangular in shape.

    It is the oldest structure of Indian Subcontinent.

    The peninsular plateau is the tableland composedof the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic

    rocks.

    Th l t b dl di id d

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    The plateau are broadly divided

    into two :-

    The Deccan Plateau

    The Central Highlands

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    The Deccan Plateau

    The Deccan Plateauis a large plateau in India,

    making up the majority of the southern part of the

    country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north,

    rising further to more than a kilometer high in thesouth, forming a raised triangle nested within the

    familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian

    subcontinent's coastline.

    The name Deccanis an anglicised form of

    the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the

    Sanskrit word dkia, meaning "south".

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    People of The Deccan Plateau

    Bhil and Gond people live in the hills along thenorthern and northeastern edges of the plateau,

    and speak various languages that belong to both

    the Indo-European and Dravidian families oflanguages. Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the

    main language of the north-western portion of the

    Deccan plateau in the state of Maharashtra. Tamil is

    the main language of Tamil Nadu to the south of

    the plateau, and Malayalam that of the hills and

    coast to the south-west, in the state of Kerala. The

    city of Hyderabad is an important centre of Urdu.

    Th C t l Hi hl d

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    The Central Highlands

    The Central Highlands in India are composed of

    three main plateaus, namely the Malwa plateau,Deccan Plateau and Chota Nagpur Plateau. The

    Malwa Plateau in the west, Deccan Plateau in the

    south and Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east are themost important regions of Indian subcontinent and

    the central highlands in India. Malwa Plateau is

    located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

    The average altitude of the Malwa plateau is 500

    mts. The Chambal River and its tributaries drain

    most of the region,upper reaches of the Mahi River

    drain the western part.

    Western Ghats

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    Western Ghats

    The Western Ghats also known as the Sahyadri

    Mountains, is a mountain range along the westernside of India. It runs north to south along the

    western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates

    the plateau from a narrow coastal plain alongArabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the

    Deccan Plateau. The range starts near the border

    of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the River

    Tapti, and runs approx 1600 km through the states

    of Maharashtra , Goa , Karnataka , Tamil

    Nadu and Kerala ending at Kanyakumari, at the

    southern tip of India.

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    Western Ghats - 2

    These hills cover 1,60,000 km and form the

    catchment area for a complex of river systems that

    drain almost 40% of India. The average elevation is

    around 1,200 meters (3,900 ft).The area is one ofthe worlds ten "Hottestbiodiversity hotspots" and

    has over 5000 species of flowering plants, 139

    mammal species, 508 bird species and 179amphibian species. At least 325

    globally threatened species occur in the Western

    Ghats.

    W t Gh t Cli t

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    Western Ghats - Climate Climate in the Western Ghats varies with altitudinal

    gradation and distance from the equator. Theclimate is humid and tropical in the lower reaches

    tempered by the proximity to the sea. Elevations

    of 1,500 m (4,921 ft) and above in the northand 2,000 m (6,562 ft) and above in the south have

    a more temperate climate. Average annual

    temperature here are around 15 C (60 F). In some

    parts frost is common, and temperatures touch the

    freezing point during the winter months. Mean

    temperature range from 20 C (68 F) in the south

    to 24 C (75 F) in the north.

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    Eastern Ghats

    The Eastern Ghatsare a discontinuous range ofmountains along Indian eastern coast. The Eastern

    Ghats run from West Bengal state in the north,

    through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tami Nadu in

    the south passing some parts of Karnataka. They are

    eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of

    southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna,

    and Kaveri. The mountain ranges run parallel tothe Bay of Bengal. The Deccan Plateau lies to the

    west of the range, between the Eastern Ghats

    and Western Ghats

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    The Chotanagpur Plateau

    The Chota Nagpur Plateauis a plateau in eastern

    India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well

    as adjacent parts of Orissa, West

    Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangeticplain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and

    the basin of theMahanadi River lies to the south.

    The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau isapproximately 65,000 square kilometers (25,000

    sq mi).

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    Climate of Chota nagpur Plateau

    The Chota Nagpur Plateau has an attractive climate.The mean temperature in December is 73 F (23 C).

    The nights are cool and temperatures in winter may

    drop below freezing point in many places. In Apriland May the day temperature may cross 100 F

    (38 C) but it is very dry and not sultry as in the

    adjacent plains. The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives

    an annual average rainfall of around 1400 mm,

    which is less than the rainforested areas of much of

    India and almost all of it in the monsoon months

    between June and August.

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    Famous Plateaus and Hills

    Plateaus

    Chota Nagpur

    KarbiAnglong

    Malwa

    Meghalaya Plateau

    Hills

    Jaintia

    Khasi

    Garo

    Ooty

    Anai Mudi (2,695 m)

    Doda Betta(2,635 m)

    Mahendragiri(1,501 m)

    Shevroy

    Javadi

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    Photo Gallery - 1

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    Photo Gallery - 2

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    Photo Gallery - 3

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    Photo Gallery - 4

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    Photo Gallery - 5

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    The Indian Desert

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    The Thar DesertName

    The Great Indian DesertKnown as

    Northwest IndiaLocation

    Between India andPakistan

    Boundary

    200,000 km2

    Area

    RajasthanState

    J i

    C it l

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    JaipurCapital

    Jaipuri ,Marwari,MalwiLanguageHindu, Muslim, SikhsPeople

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    Introduction

    The Thar Desert also known as the Great Indian Desert, isa large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indiansubcontinent and forms a natural boundary running alongthe border between India and Pakistan. With an area of

    more than 200,000 km2(77,000 sq mi), it is theworld's 9thlargest subtropical desert.

    It lies mostly in the Indian State of Rajasthan, and extendsinto the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab statesand into northern Gujarat state. In Pakistan, the desertcovers eastern Sindh province and the southeasternportion of Pakistan's Punjab province. The CholistanDesert adjoins the Thar desert spreading into PakistaniPunjab province.

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    Origin of Desert

    The origin of the Thar Desert is a controversial subject. Someconsider it to be 4000 to 1,000,000 years old, whereas othersstate that aridity started in this region much earlier.Another theory states that area turned to desert relativelyrecently: perhaps around 2000 - 1500 BC. Around this timethe Ghaggar ceased to be a major river. It now terminates inthe desert but at one time was a watersource for the IndusValley Civilization centre of Mohenjo-daro.It has been observed through remote sensing techniques thatLate Quaternary climatic changes and neotectonics haveplayed a significant role in modifying the drainage courses inthis part and a large number of palaeochannels exist.

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    Location of Thar Desert

    In India the Thar Desert extends from the Sutlej River,surrounded by the Aravalli Range on the east, on thesouth by the salt marsh known as the Rann of Kutch,and on the west by the Indus River. Its boundary to thelarge thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined, about3/5thof the total geographical area of the State.In Pakistan, the desert covers the eastern Sindhprovince and the southeastern portion ofPakistan's Punjab province. The Tharparkar District isone of the major parts of the desertarea. Tharparkar consists of two words: Thar meansdesert while Parkar stands for the other side.

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    Location of Thar Desert - 2

    Years back, it was known as Thar and Parkar butsubsequently became just one word Tharparkarfor the two distinct parts of Sindh province. On

    the western side, Parkar is the irrigated areawhereas Thar, the eastern part, is known as thelargest desert of Pakistan.Rainfall in the area is very low, from 100-500mm

    per year, all falling between July and September,and the climate is harsh with temperaturesranging from near freezing up to 50C.

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    Natural Vegetation

    The natural vegetation of this dry area is

    classed as Northern Desert Thorn

    Forest occurring in small clumps scattered

    more or less openly. Density and size ofpatches increase from west to east following

    the increase in rainfall. Natural vegetation of

    Thar Desert is composed of followingtree, shrub and herb species.

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    Tree Species Types:-

    Tree Species

    Small trees and shrubs

    Herbs and Grassess

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    Threats and Preservation

    There are eleven national parks in the Thar

    desert area, the largest of which are the Nara

    Desert Wildlife Sanctuary and the Rann of

    Kutch.

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    Agriculture

    The Thar is one of most heavily-populateddesert areas in the world and the mainoccupations of people living hereare agriculture and animal husbandry.

    Agriculture is not a dependable proposition inthis areaafter the rainy season, at least 33%of crops fail. Animal husbandry, trees andgrasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruittrees, is the most viable model for arid,drought-prone regions.

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    People

    The Thar Desert is mainly inhabited by Hindus,

    Muslims, and Sikhs. The portion in Pakistan is

    inhabited by primarily by Sindhis and Kolhis. A

    colourful culture rich in tradition prevails inthe desert. The people have a great passion

    for folk music and folk poetry.

    About 40% of the total population ofRajasthan state live in the Thar desert.

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    Photo Gallery - 1

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    Photo Gallery - 2

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    Photo Gallery - 3

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    Photo Gallery - 4

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    The Coastal Plains

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    The Coastal plainName

    South, East, North IndiaLocation

    1000mm to 3000mmRainfall (East)

    2000mmRainfall(West)

    RajasthanState

    d i f C

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    Introduction of Western Coast

    The Western Coastal Plainsis a thin strip ofcoastal plain 50 km in width between the west

    coast of India and the Western Ghats hills

    which starts near the south of river Tapi. Theyare sandwiched between the Western

    Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The plains begin

    at Gujarat in the north and end at Kerala inthe south. It also includes the states

    of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.

    Climate of Western Coast

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    Climate of Western Coast

    The climate varies between tropical wet, tropicalwet and dry, and semi arid. The coastal regions

    experience little seasonal variations although the

    temperatures range between 20C to38C. Mumbai and northern Konkan regions

    experience cooler winters with minimum

    temperatures hovering around 12 C. Interior

    Maharashtra experiences hot summers withmaximum temperatures averaging 40C and mild

    winters with minimum temperatures averaging

    about 10C. Gujarat have the same.

    I t d ti f E t C t

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    Introduction of Eastern Coast

    The Eastern Coastal Plainsrefer to a wide

    stretch of landmass of India, lying between

    the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Itstretches from Tamil Nadu in the south

    to West Bengal in the north.

    Deltas of many of India's rivers form a majorportion of these plains.

    Cli f E C

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    Climate of Eastern Coast

    The Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers

    drain these plains. The region receives both the

    Northeast and Southwest monsoon rains with itsannual rainfall averaging between 1,000 mm (40 in)

    and 3,000 mm (120 in). The width of the plains

    varies between 100 to 130 km (62 to 80 miles).

    It is locally known as Northern

    Circarsbetween Mahanadiand Krishnarivers

    and Carnaticbetween Krishnaand Kaveririvers.

    Parts of Coastal Plains

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    Parts of Coastal Plains

    It consists of three sections. The Northern part

    of the coast is called the Konkan while the

    southern stretch is referred to as the MalabarCoast and southern part is known Coromandel

    coast. On its northern side there are two gulfs:

    the gulf of Khambat and the gulf of Kachch.

    Konkan Coast

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    Konkan Coast

    The Konkan also called the Konkan

    Coastor Karavali, is a rugged section of the western

    coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore.

    The sapta-Konkanis a slightly larger region

    described in the Skanda-purana. Residents of

    Konkan and their descendants are called Konkanis.

    The name may also refer specifically to the Konkanipeople, ethnic group of the region; most of whom

    speak the Konkani language.

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    Coromandel Coast

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    Coromandel Coast

    The Coromandel Coastis the name given to the

    southeastern coast of the Indian Subcontinentbetween Cape Comorin and False Divi Point. It

    may also include the southeastern coast of the

    island of Sri Lanka.

    Khambhat A Gulf

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    KhambhatA Gulf

    Khambhat, formerly known as Cambay, is a city

    and a municipality in Anand district in

    the Indian state of Gujarat. It was formerly an

    important trading center, although its harbour hasgradually silted up, and the maritime trade has

    moved elsewhere. Khambhat lies on an alluvial

    plain at the north end of the Gulf of Khambhat,which is noted for the extreme rise and fall of

    its tides, which can vary as much as thirty feet in

    the vicinity of Khambhat.

    K h h A G lf

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    KachchA Gulf

    Kutch districtis district of Gujarat state in

    western India. Covering an area of 45,612 km, it is

    the largest district of India. Kachchh literally means something which

    intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of

    this district is known as Rann of Kachchh which isshallow wetland which submerges in water during

    the rainy season and becomes dry during other

    seasons.

    Ph t G ll 1

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    Photo Gallery - 1

    Photo Gallery 2

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    Photo Gallery - 2

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    Ph t G ll 4

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    Photo Gallery - 4

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    The Islands

    The Andaman &Name

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    Nicobar IslandName

    Bay of BengalLocation

    Port BlairCapital

    Hindi ,Telugu ,Bengali,Tamil ,Malayalam

    Language

    Malabar 2007Known as

    India Southern CostBoundary

    8,249 sq.kmArea

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    8,249 sq.kmArea

    Introduction

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    Introduction

    The Andaman and Nicobar island the territory is locatedgeographically 150km [93 mi] north of Aceh in Indonesiaand separated form Thailand and Burma by theAndaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, theAndaman Island and the Nicobar Island, separated by the

    10N parallel , with the Andaman to the north of thislatitude , and the Nicobar to the south. The Andaman Sealies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west.

    The territory s capital is the Andamanese town of PortBlair . The territory s population as per the most recent(2011) Census of India was 379,944 . Added together , thetotal land area of the territory is approximately 6,496 km(2,508 sq mi ).

    The Andaman and Nicobar Island is

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    divided into two broad categories :-

    The Andaman in the north.

    The Nicobar in the south.

    The Andaman and Nicobar Island

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    The Andaman and Nicobar Island

    This island are bigger in size and are more

    numerous and scattered.

    It is believed that these islands are an elevatedportion of submarine mountains.

    These island lie close to equator and experience

    equatorial climate and has thick forest cover. The coastal region and island group provide sites

    for fishing and port activities.

    Climate of Andaman and Nicobar

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    Island

    The climate of the Andaman and Nicobar Island istropical but is moderated by sea breezes.Temperatures typically rise form the low 70s F (about

    23C) into the mid-80s F(about 30C) daily throughoutthe year. The territory receives roughly 120 inches(3,000 mm) of rain annually , brought mainly by thesouthwest monsoon, which blows form May to

    September, and by the tropical cyclones that follow inoctober and November. In the Nicobars, Great Nicobarreceives considerably more rain than the otherisland.

    Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Island

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    Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Island

    Andaman & Nicobar Island areblessed with a unique tropical

    rainforest canopy, made of a mixed

    flora with elements form indian,Myanmarese , Malaysian and

    endemic floral strains. So far, about

    2,200 varieties of plant have beenrecorded, out of which 200 are

    endemic and 1,300 do not occur in

    mainland India.

    Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Island

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    Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Island

    These islands because some like turbo, trochus& nautilus etc. are used as novelties

    supporting many cottage industries producinga wide range of decorative items &ornaments. Shells such as giant clam, greenmussel and oyster support edible shell fishery

    a few like scallop , clam , and cockle are burntin kilns to produce edible lime like mammals,butterflies , moths , shells , univalve , octopus,squid , nautilus , fish.

    Economy of Andaman and Nicobar

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    Island

    The union territory of Andaman andNicobar Island has a vast forest resource

    base with 7,171 sq km of the total area of

    island covered by forest a large variety oftimber is found in the Andaman group of

    island.

    The island have reported the occurrence of

    diatomaceous earth , gold , limestone ,

    nickel , selenite and sulphur. The oil and

    natural gas commission is continuing the

    exploration for oil and gas there.

    The origin of Andaman and Nicobar

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    Island

    The Andaman and Nicobar island have beeninhabited for several thousand years, at the veryleast. The earlier archaeological evidence yet

    documented goes back some 2,200 years, theindications form genetic , cultural and linguisticisolation studies point to habitation going back30,000 to 60,000 years , well into the middlepaleolithic. Mythologically the name Andaman ispresumed to be derived from hanuman , themonkey god , who was known to the malayalis as

    handuman

    Length and Breadth of Andaman &

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    Nicobar Island

    Length and Breadth of Andaman Island

    Total Length 467kms

    Maximum Width 52kms

    Average Width 24kms

    Length and Breadth of Nicobar Island

    Total Length 259kms

    Maximum Width 58kms

    Photo Gallery-1

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    Photo Gallery-1

    Photo Gallery-2

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    Photo Gallery-2

    Photo Gallery-3

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    Photo Gallery 3

    Photo Gallery-4

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    Photo Gallery 4

    Photo Gallery-5

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    Maps

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    Maps

    The Himalaya Mountains

    The Northern Plains

    The Indian Desert

    All Physical Features of India

    MAPS ARE HYPERLINKED.

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