Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium
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Transcript of Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium
8/6/2019 Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium
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PPHYSICALHYSICAL, C, CHEMICALHEMICAL & C& CATALYTICATALYTIC
SSTUDIESTUDIES OFOF VVANADIUMANADIUM PPHOSPHORUSHOSPHORUS
OOXIDEXIDE CCATALYSTATALYST
EFFECT OF DOPANT CONCENTRATION ON VPO
BASED CATALYST
NAME : PRAKAS
YEAR / SEMESTER : 4 / 1
COURSE : CHEMICAL E NGINEERING
8/6/2019 Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium
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CCATALYSTATALYST
y Catalyst ± A substance that accelerates rate of a
chemical reaction until equilibrium is
reached without being consumed ± Lowers activation energy
± Does not change the enthalpy and free
energy of the reaction
± Change the kinetics but not the
thermodynamics of he reaction
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TTYPESYPES OFOF CCATALYSTATALYST
y Homogeneous ± Both the are in the same phase
± Normally involves metallic
complexes as the catalyst
y Heterogeneous ± Catalyst and the reactant are in
different phases
± Usually catalyst are in solidswhile reactant are in liquid or
gaseous phase
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IIMPORTANCEMPORTANCE OFOF CATALYSTCATALYST
y Catalyst accelerates the rate of a chemical
reaction by many folds
y Without catalyst, many reaction would not be
possible to be carried out as the conditions for
the reaction as too costly to be fulfilled
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PPROBLEMROBLEM SSTATEMENTTATEMENT
y To have a deeper understanding of the
characterization and catalytic properties of the
catalyst used in the oxidation of n-butane to
maleic anhydridey To understand the effect of dopant addition on
the performance of VPO based catalyst
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PPREPARATIONREPARATION OFOF VVANADYLANADYL PPYROPHOSPHATEYROPHOSPHATE
y Mainly there are 5 routes to prepare VPO
Catalyst:
± Aqueous Medium
± Organic Medium
± Dihydrate Route
± Hemihydrate Route
± Sesquihydrate Route
8/6/2019 Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium
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PPARAMETERSARAMETERS
y There are four parameters that attribute
to the performance of VPO Catalyst:
± Calcination Condition
± Support System
± Doped System
± P/V Atomic Ratio
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Maleic AnhydrideMaleic Anhydride
y Primary use in the manufacture of polyester and
alkyl resins
y Also used to produce a vinyl copolymer through
polymerization with other molecules containingvinyl functionality
y Usage in manufacture of agricultural chemicals
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MethodologyMethodology ± ± SSTAGETAGE 11
y 2.5g V2O5 + 60 ml Distilled water + 15 ml
o-H3PO4
y All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester
for 2 hours at 120ºCy The yellowish precipitate is centrifuged to
separate the liquid and the slurry mixture
y The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and
placed in the oven to be dried
y The dried powder is recovered and place in a
container
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MethodologyMethodology ± ± SSTAGETAGE 22
y 1.5 g VOPO4.2H2O + 22.5 ml 1-butanol solution
are prepared
y All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester
for 4 hours at 120ºCy The whitish blue precipitate is centrifuged to
separate the liquid and the slurry mixture
y The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and
placed in the oven to be dried
y The dried powder is recovered and place in a
container
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MethodologyMethodology ± ± SSTAGETAGE 33
y 100 ml of butanol and 5% Cobalt and a variation
of 1%, 3% and 5% Barium are mixed in a tube
y If physical mixing does not dissolve the mixture,
it is stirred with the apparatus place on a hot plate
y Recovered whitish blue powder added and is
stirred, centrifuged and oven dried again
y Whitish blue powder with the dopants are
calcined for 6 hours at 400ºC
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Characterization TechniqueCharacterization Technique
y X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
y BET Multipoint Surface Area
y Redox Titration
y Inductively Coupled Plasma ² Optical
Emission Spectrometer
y Scanning Electron Micoscope